The best way of immobilization as well as effectiveness of rehabilitation for trapeziometacarpal total joint arthroplasty is unknown. We aimed to identify and describe the available evidence, practice variation and knowledge gaps. The literature was searched without restrictions. 123 studies were included, reporting 21 types of prosthesis. Reported immobilization types were cast (23%), splint (18%), compression bandage (10%), or combinations (26%). In 19%, immobilization time and type was not reported. Supervised rehabilitation (22%), self-rehabilitation (11%), functional use (11%), or customized rehabilitation (16%) were the rehabilitation forms reported. In 28% rehabilitation type was not described. Two (2%) studies used complication classifications, but time to complication was not described in 53 (43%). Multiple evidence gaps exist; lacking studies comparing types of immobilization protocols as well as rehabilitation regimens after trapeziometacarpal total joint arthroplasty. Currently there is no scientific evidence for any postoperative regime. This means that decision-making is based on clinical experience rather than evidence, explaining the wide practice variation.