It is notable that monogenic forms of diabetes are exceedingly uncommon, with only 28 genes thus far identified. Such conditions frequently result in the dysfunction of pancreatic cells responsible for insulin production. Mutation in the TRMT10A gene leads to a rare genetic disease that is associated with endocrine and metabolic disorders, including diabetes and short stature. This article presents a review of the existing literature on the subject, describing the association between TRMT10A gene mutation and diabetes. It also presents the clinical case of a young girl with type 1 diabetes and facial dysmorphia. TRMT10A gene mutation has been linked to syndromic juvenile diabetes in a manner analogous to Wolfram's syndrome. This form of diabetes, which manifests in early childhood and is associated with microcephaly, epilepsy and intellectual disability, is caused by mutations in the gene for homolog A of tRNA methyltransferase 10 (TRMT10A).

This emphasizes the importance of using a targeted panel to recognize previously unidentified monogenic diabetes among early-onset non-insulin-dependent diabetes in the absence of obesity and autoimmunity.

In view of the aforementioned data, it is recommended that TRMT10A sequencing be considered in children or adults with early-onset diabetes and a history of intellectual disability, microcephaly and epilepsy.