Several investigators have reported that sarcopenia is common in patients with liver cirrhosis. However, few studies have probed the association between sarcopenia and liver cirrhosis complicated with oesophageal and gastric variceal bleeding (LC-EGVB). We aimed to investigate the impact of sarcopenia on rebleeding after endoscopic therapy in patients with LC-EGVB. Computed tomography (CT) radiographs from the third lumbar vertebra were selected to analyse body composition, including skeletal muscle tissue, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue using SliceOmatic software. Sarcopenia was defined using validated cutoff values for patients with liver cirrhosis: 44.77 cm²/m² for men and 32.50 cm²/m² for women. A total of 187 patients with LC-EGVB and 309 controls were included in this study. The rate of sarcopenia in controls (17.4%) was significantly lower than that in patients with LC-EGVB (41.2%). Patients with LC-EGVB exhibiting sarcopenia showed a high prevalence of portal vein thrombosis and rebleeding rate at 1 year. The rate of sarcopenia in the rebleeding group was significantly higher than that in the non-rebleeding group. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that sarcopenia was an independent risk factor for rebleeding within 1 year in patients with LC-EGVB. Patients with LC-EGVB displayed a high prevalence of sarcopenia. Sarcopenia was observed to be an independent risk factor for rebleeding within 1 year.