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Scent of relief: Mastic resin scent recovers salivation in chronic dry mouth patients - 21/08/24

Doi : 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117245 
Mouri R.J. Faruque a, b, , Wiktoria Potocka a, b, Kamran Nazmi a, Antoon J. Ligtenberg a, Floris J. Bikker a, Marja L. Laine b
a Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 
b Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 

Corresponding author at: Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands

Abstract

Background

Olfactory stimulation with mastic resin, derived from the Pistacia lentiscus tree, demonstrated a bona fide sialagogic effect in healthy volunteers [1]. Its main volatile compound, α-pinene, also showed this effect. The current study aimed to validate the effect of mastic resin volatiles in chronic dry mouth patients with confirmed decreased saliva secretion.

Methods

41 chronic dry mouth patients with decreased unstimulated saliva secretion (<0.25 mL/min) were exposed to mastic resin volatiles as part of the diagnostic routine at the Saliva Clinic of Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam. During their visit, dry-mouth questionnaires were conducted and samples of unstimulated whole saliva, chew-stimulated saliva, acid-stimulated saliva and mastic resin stimulated saliva were collected. Saliva flow rate, spinnbarkeit, pH, ion composition, MUC5B and MUC7 levels in all samples were analyzed.

Results

Salivary flow rates increased by all stimuli when compared to the baseline unstimulated saliva (P<0.001). During olfactory mastic resin stimulation, the salivary spinnbarkeit (P<0.001) and sodium concentration (P<0.01) were increased compared to unstimulated saliva. MUC5B and MUC7 levels were increased during olfactory mastic resin stimulation compared to chew-stimulated saliva (P=0.016 and P<0.001, respectively). Spinnbarkeit correlated positively with MUC5B (R=0.399, P=0.002) and MUC7 levels (R=0.375, P=0.004). Results of dry-mouth questionnaires indicated reduced posterior palate dryness shortly after olfactory mastic resin stimulation (P=0.04).

Conclusions

Olfactory mastic resin stimulation increased mucous saliva secretion and reduced posterior palate dryness in a group of chronic dry mouth patients. These findings, validated in patients, underscore mastic resin scent as a beneficial and non-invasive sialagogic treatment for clinical applications.

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Graphical Abstract




 : 

Graphical abstract depicting the impact of olfactory stimulation with mastic resin volatiles on salivary characteristics. Two potential pathways and effects are illustrated. Pathway 1 (red arrows): after inhaling the mastic resin scent, volatiles bind to receptors on the olfactory bulb which triggers a signal to the salivary superior nucleus in the pons of the brain. The action potential is then transmitted via the chorda tympani and lingual nerves to the submandibular ganglion, proceeding into the sublingual (SL) and submandibular glands (SM). Saliva secretion is triggered from these glands. Pathway 2 (dashed blue arrows): due to its proximity to the nasal cavity, mastic resin volatiles may directly inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the acini of posterior (soft) palate, innervated by the lesser palatine nerve. This inhibition potentially leads to prolonged acetylcholine (ACh) stimulation, triggering the production of (mucous) saliva from the posterior palate. Olfactory mastic resin stimulation significantly increased saliva secretion, spinnbarkeit, pH, sodium, MUC5B and MUC7 levels. Our previous findings revealed an in vitro inhibition of AChE by mastic resin crude extract [1]. RODI revealed a significant reduction of the posterior palate dryness sensation.


Graphical abstract depicting the impact of olfactory stimulation with mastic resin volatiles on salivary characteristics. Two potential pathways and effects are illustrated. Pathway 1 (red arrows): after inhaling the mastic resin scent, volatiles bind to receptors on the olfactory bulb which triggers a signal to the salivary superior nucleus in the pons of the brain. The action potential is then transmitted via the chorda tympani and lingual nerves to the submandibular ganglion, proceeding into the sublingual (SL) and submandibular glands (SM). Saliva secretion is triggered from these glands. Pathway 2 (dashed blue arrows): due to its proximity to the nasal cavity, mastic resin volatiles may directly inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the acini of posterior (soft) palate, innervated by the lesser palatine nerve. This inhibition potentially leads to prolonged acetylcholine (ACh) stimulation, triggering the production of (mucous) saliva from the posterior palate. Olfactory mastic resin stimulation significantly increased saliva secretion, spinnbarkeit, pH, sodium, MUC5B and MUC7 levels. Our previous findings revealed an in vitro inhibition of AChE by mastic resin crude extract [1]. RODI revealed a significant reduction of the posterior palate dryness sensation.

Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.

Keywords : Saliva, Xerostomia, Mucin, Mastic resin, Volatiles, Olfactory


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