TMD is a multifaceted condition with various contributing factors, but the actual impact of the lateral pterygoid plate on the development of TMD remains uncertain. This research aims to investigate the relationship between anatomical variations of the lateral pterygoid plate (LPP), including its angle and proximity to the condyle, and the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), to improve diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic approaches for TMD.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 189 Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images of individuals aged 18 to 45. Inclusion criteria were based on definitive diagnoses of degenerative joint disease, excluding individuals with orthodontic treatments, injuries, or craniofacial disorders.Participants were divided into TMD and control groups using standardized DC/TMD protocols for assessment. A radiologist, blinded to the patient's clinical status, then analyzed the CBCT images. LPP dimensions, angles, and condyle distances were measured using OnDemand 3D Imaging Software.

The study found a statistically significant higher average LPP length in females compared to males (right LPP p < 0,001, left LPP p = 0,004), with no significant differences in LPP-condyle distances and angles between genders. Comparing the TMD and control groups revealed a positive correlation between lateral plate angles and TMJ disorders (p = 0,044), suggesting a potential biomechanical linkage.

Conclusively, the study challenges the assumption that LPP anatomical variations significantly impact TMD while underscoring a potential link between LPP angle and TMD. The novel insight into the potential role of the LPP angle in TMD provides a new direction for research and clinical practice, emphasizing the importance of considering subtle anatomical differences in the management of TMD.