Long-term association between water intake and kidney function in a population at high cardiovascular risk - 29/07/24

Doi : 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100327

Indira Paz-Graniel ^a,^b,^c, Cristina Valle-Hita ^a,^b,^c, Nancy Babio ^a,^b,^c, Lluís Serra-Majem ^a,^d, Jesus Vioque ^e,^f, María Dolores Zomeño ^a,^g,^h, Dolores Corella ^a,ⁱ, Xavier Pintó ^a,^j, Naomi Cano-Ibañez ^e,^k, Josep A. Tur ^a,^l,^m, Esther Cuadrado ^a,^n,^o, J.A. Martínez ^a,^p,^q,^r, Andrés Díaz-López ^a,^b,^s, Laura Torres-Collado ^e,^f, Albert Goday ^a,^t,^u, Rebeca Fernández-Carrión ^a,ⁱ, Mariela Nissenshon ^v, Antonio Riera-Mestre ^j, Eva Garrido-Garrido ^w, Cristina Bouzas ^a,^l,^m, Itziar Abete ^a, Lidia Daimiel ^a,^x,^y, Isabel Cornejo-Pareja ^a,^z, Zenaida Vázquez-Ruiz ^A,^B, Nadine Khoury ^a,^b,^c, Karla Alejandra Pérez-Vega ^a,^g, Jordi Salas-Salvadó ^a,^b,^c,⁎
^a CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
^b Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnología, Alimentaciò, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Reus, Spain
^c Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
^d Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria & Centro Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canarian Health Service, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
^e CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
^f Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández (ISABIAL-UMH). Alicante, Spain
^g Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona
^h School of Health Sciences, Blanquerna-Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
ⁱ Departament of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Valencia, Spain
^j Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge-Idibell-Universidad de Barcelona
^k Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
^l Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
^m Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
ⁿ Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group. Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program. IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
^o Grupo de Investigación VALORNUT-UCM, Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
^p Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
^q Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program, IEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
^r Departament of Medicine and Endocrinology, University of Valladolid, Spain
^s Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group, Nutrition and Public Health Unit, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Reus 43204, Spain
^t IMIM, Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona
^u Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona
^v Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
^w Primary Care Center Zaidín-Center, Andalusian Health Service, Granada, Spain
^x Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group. Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program. IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
^y Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Faculty de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
^z Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
^A Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
^B Biomedical Research Network Centre for Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain

^⁎Corresponding author.

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Highlights

•	Water intake might prevent kidney function decline.
•	Plain water might preserve kidney function in individuals at high cardiovascular risk.
•	Tap water rather than bottled water might be beneficial for kidney health.

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Abstract

Objectives

The evidence on water intake in the prevention of kidney function decline is scarce at population level in well-being individuals at high cardiovascular risk. Therefore, we aimed to longitudinally evaluate the associations between total water intake and subtypes and kidney function, through estimated-Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR).

Methods

Three-year prospective analysis conducted in 1986 older adults (aged 55–75y) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome from the PREDIMED-Plus study. Water intake was assessed using validated beverage and food frequency questionnaires. Serum creatinine-based eGFR (SCr-based eGFR; ml/min/1.73 m²) was estimated using the CKD-EPI equation at baseline, one-year and 3-years of follow-up. Mixed-effects linear regression models were fitted to evaluate the associations between baseline total water intake and subtypes, and SCr-based eGFR over 3-years of follow-up.

Results

Participants in the highest baseline tertile of total water intake, plain water and water from all fluids showed a lower decrease in SCr-based eGFR after 3-years of follow-up, compared to those in the lowest tertile. Participants with the highest tap water consumption showed a lower SCr-based eGFR decline after 1-year and 3-years of follow-up, in comparerd to participants in the lowest intake category (T3 vs. T1: β: 1.4 ml/min/1.73m²; 95%CI: 0.5-2.3, β: 1.0; 95%CI: 0.1-2.0, respectively).

Conclusions

Plain water rather than other water sources, and especially tap water, was associated with lower kidney function decline assessed through eGFR over 3-years of follow-up, in older individuals at high cardiovascular risk.