Age-specific SARS-CoV-2 transmission differed from human rhinovirus in households during the early COVID-19 pandemic - 16/07/24
, Marieke L.A. de Hoog a, ⁎ , Ilse Westerhof a , Vincent Jaddoe b , Valerie D. Heuvelman b , Elandri Fourie c , Judith G.C. Sluiter-Post c , Paul Badoux e , Sjoerd Euser e , Bjorn Herpers e , Elisabeth A.M. Sanders f, g , Dirk Eggink f , Chantal Reusken f , Louis J. Bont g , Joanne G. Wildenbeest g , Marlies A. van Houten c, d , Liesbeth Duijts b , Patricia C.J.L. Bruijning-Verhagen a
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Summary |
Objectives |
Children are generally considered main drivers of transmission for respiratory viruses, but the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 challenged this paradigm. Human rhinovirus (RV) continued to co-circulate throughout the pandemic, allowing for direct comparison of age-specific infectivity and susceptibility within households between these viruses during a time of low SARS-CoV-2 population immunity.
Methods |
Households with children were prospectively monitored for ≥23 weeks between August 2020 and July 2021. Upon onset of respiratory symptoms in a household, an outbreak study was initiated, including questionnaires and repeated nasal self-sampling in all household members. Swabs were tested by PCR. Age-stratified within-household secondary attack rates (SARs) were compared between SARS-CoV-2 and RV.
Results |
A total of 307 households participated, including 582 children and 627 adults. Overall, SAR was lower for SARS-CoV-2 than for RV (aOR 0.55) and age distributions differed between both viruses (p < 0.001). Following household exposure, children were significantly less likely to become infected with SARS-CoV-2 compared to RV (aOR 0.16), whereas this was opposite in adults (aOR 1.71).
Conclusion |
In households, age-specific susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and RV differs and drives differences in household transmission between these pathogens. This highlights the importance of characterizing age-specific transmission risks, particularly for emerging infections, to guide appropriate infection control interventions.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Highlights |
• | SARS-CoV-2 emergence redefined the role of children in respiratory virus transmission |
• | This study directly compares household transmission patterns of SARS-CoV-2 and RV |
• | Children were less susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 than adults, but more susceptible to RV |
• | This study stresses the need for age-specific interventions in novel respiratory outbreaks |
Keywords : SARS-CoV-2, Rhinovirus, Age factors, Epidemiology, Pandemic, Disease outbreaks, European prospective household studies
Plan
Vol 89 - N° 2
Article 106218- août 2024 Retour au numéro
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