Infants’ Dietary Pattern Characterized by Ultraprocessed Foods Is Associated With Rapid Weight Gain and Overweight/Obesity Risk: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2018 - 19/06/24
, Eurídice Martínez Steele, PhD 1, 2, Fernanda Rauber, PhD 2, 3, Caroline dos Santos Costa, PhD 2, Maria Helena D’Aquino Benicio, PhD 1, 2, Renata Bertazzi Levy, PhD 2, 3Abstract |
Background |
Global trends toward childhood obesity have been associated with several factors, including suboptimal infant feeding practices, the increasing availability of ultraprocessed foods in the world's food supply, and the corresponding changes in children's dietary patterns.
Objective |
To describe infants’ dietary patterns and assess their associations with weight status outcomes in a nationally representative sample of US infants.
Design |
Cross-sectional analyses were performed on data collected from infants participating in the 2009-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Participants/setting |
Participants included 744 infants aged 6 to 12 months who had data from at least 1 day of valid 24-hour dietary recall data.
Main outcome measures |
Rapid weight gain and overweight/obesity risk.
Statistical analyses performed |
Principal component analysis was used to identify dietary patterns considering the energy intake of 39 Nova food subgroups (expressed in calories per day), including breast milk. Associations were evaluated using logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders.
Results |
A total of 42% infants experienced rapid weight gain, and 33% were at risk of overweight/obesity. Most infants (65.5%) were started on solid foods early. Three main dietary patterns were derived. The first pattern, labeled Natural or Minimally Processed Foods, had positive loadings for a variety of natural or minimally processed foods, some processed culinary ingredients, and a few processed and ultraprocessed foods. The second pattern, labeled Infant Formula, had high negative loading for breast milk, and high positive loading for infant formula and breakfast cereal. The third pattern, labeled Ultraprocessed Foods, had negative loadings for natural or minimally processed foods and processed culinary ingredients, positive loadings for other processed foods and for a variety of ultraprocessed foods, and negative loading for infant formula. Infants who adhere to the Ultraprocessed Foods dietary pattern were more likely to present rapid weight gain (adjusted odds ratio 1.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.5) and overweight/obesity risk (adjusted odds ratio 1.2, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.4).
Conclusions |
Higher adherence to a dietary pattern characterized by ultraprocessed foods was associated with a greater likelihood of both rapid weight gain and overweight/obesity risk early in life. Promoting breastfeeding and increasing consumption of unprocessed/minimally processed foods during early infancy while restricting ultraprocessed foods are key components to reducing the growing burden of childhood obesity.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Keywords : Dietary patterns, Ultraprocessed foods, Breast milk, Infants, Obesity
Plan
| Supplementary materials: Table 1 is available at www.jandonline.org |
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| STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors. |
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| FUNDING/SUPPORT This work was supported by the Fundaçao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (grant No. 2016/25853-4). D. Neri is the beneficiary of a postdoctoral fellowship. |
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| AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS Conceptualized research study: D. Neri and R. Levy. Classified all food items according to the Nova System: D. Neri and E. Martínez-Steele. Performed the analysis and wrote the first draft of the manuscript: D. Neri. Contributed to the statistical analyses and the writing of the manuscript: E. Martínez-Steele, R. Levy, F. Rauber, C. Costa, and M. Benicio. Agree with the manuscript’s results and conclusions: D. Neri, E. Martínez-Steele, F. Rauber, C. Costa, M. Benicio, and R. Levy. All authors have read and confirm that they meet International Committee of Medical Journal Editors criteria for authorship. |
Vol 124 - N° 7
P. 841 - juillet 2024 Retour au numéro
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