The European literature has reported high variability in the incidence and prevalence rates of myasthenia gravis (MG), but no specific epidemiological data for France have been published. This study aimed to assess the incidence and prevalence rates of myasthenia gravis in France based on data extracted from the French National Health Insurance Claims Database (the SNIIRAM database).

We conducted a retrospective repeated cross-sectional population study from 2008 to 2018 using a representative sample of the French population (Échantillon généraliste des bénéficiaires) covered by health insurance. We calculated the incidence, prevalence, and sex ratio of MG and screened for comorbidities associated with MG (standardized to the general population).

In total, 331 MG patients were identified between 2008 and 2018. The average incidence of MG in France was 50 per million person-years, while the mean prevalence was 465 per million people. The female-to-male ratio was 1.33. The Incidence of MG gradually increased from 40years of age for women and 60 for men. Thymoma was present for 5.1% of MG patients and a thymectomy was performed for 4.7%. Thyroid disease was the most prevalent autoimmune comorbidity, affecting approximately 8.5% of cases. MG patients had an increased cancer risk, with a standardized rate ratio of 2.38 (95% CI: 1.64–3.46).

The incidence and prevalence rates of MG are significantly higher than those previously reported in the literature and the incidence increases with age. The excess risk of cancer raises concerns for MG patients, in particular, concerning the management of immunosuppressive drugs.