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In vivo and in vitro effects of cord blood hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) expansion using valproic acid and/or nicotinamide - 18/04/24

Doi : 10.1016/j.retram.2024.103444 
Emine Begum Gencer a, 1, Hasan Yalim Akin a, b, 1, Selami Kocak Toprak a, c, Eylul Turasan a, Mahsa Yousefzadeh a, d, Pinar Yurdakul-Mesutoglu e, Murat Cagan f, Mehmet Murat Seval g, Doruk Cevdi Katlan h, Klara Dalva d, Mehmet Sinan Beksac f, i, Meral Beksac c, j,
a Ankara University Faculty of Medicine Cord Blood Bank, Ankara, Turkey 
b Middle East Technical University, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey 
c Ankara University Faculty of Medicine Department of Hematology, Ankara, Turkey 
d Ankara University Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey 
e Istinye University Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey 
f Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey 
g Ankara University Faculty of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey 
h Istanbul Training and Research Hospital Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul, Turkey 
i Istinye University, Ankara Liv Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey 
j Istinye University, Ankara Liv Hospital, Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit Ankara, Turkey 

Corresponding author.

Abstract

Background

High self-renewal capacity and most permissive nature of umbilical cord blood (CB) results with successful transplant outcomes but low hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) counts limits wider use. In order to overcome this problem ex vivo expansion with small molecules such as Valproic acid (VPA) or Nicotinamide (NAM) have been shown to be effective. To the best of our knowledge, the combinatory effects of VPA and NAM on HSPC expansion has not been studied earlier. The aim of this study was to analyze ex vivo and in vivo efficacy of VPA and NAM either alone or in combination in terms of expansion and engraftment.

Methods

A total of 44 CB units were included in this study. To determine the ex vivo and in vivo efficacy, human CB CD34+ cells were expanded with VPA and/or NAM and colony forming unit (CFU) assay was performed on expanded HSPC. Xenotransplantation was performed simultaneously by intravenous injection of expanded HSPC to NOD-SCID gamma (NSG) mice (n = 22). Significance of the difference between the expansion groups or xenotransplantation models was analyzed using t-test, Mann-Whitney, ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests as appropriate considering the normality of distributions and the number of groups analyzed.

Results

In vitro CD34+ HSPC expansion fold relative to cytokines-only was significantly higher with VPA compared to NAM [2.23 (1.07–5.59) vs 1.48 (1.00–4.40); p < 0.05]. Synergistic effect of VPA+NAM has achieved a maximum relative expansion fold at 21 days (D21) of incubation [2.95 (1.00–11.94)]. There was no significant difference between VPA and VPA+NAM D21 (p = 0.44). Fold number of colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) colonies relative to the cytokine-only group was in favor of NAM compared to VPA [1.87 (1.00–3.59) vs 1.00 (1.00–1.81); p < 0.01]. VPA+NAM D21 [1.62 (1.00–2.77)] was also superior against VPA (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between NAM and VPA+NAM D21. Following human CB34+ CB transplantation (CBT) in the mouse model, fastest in vivo leukocyte recovery was observed with VPA+NAM expanded cells (6 ± 2 days) and the highest levels of human CD45 chimerism was detectable with VPA-expanded CBT (VPA: 5.42 % at day 28; NAM: 2.45 % at day 31; VPA+NAM 1.8 % at day 31).

Conclusion

Our study results suggest using VPA alone, rather than in combination with NAM or NAM alone, to achieve better and faster expansion and engraftment of CB HSPC.

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Keywords : Cord blood, HSPC transplantation, Valproic acid, Nicotinamide, CD34 expansion


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Vol 72 - N° 3

Article 103444- septembre 2024 Retour au numéro
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