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Anti-metastatic effects of AGS-30 on breast cancer through the inhibition of M2-like macrophage polarization - 29/02/24

Doi : 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116269 
Jingjing Li a, f, 1, Zhuyun Liu b, g, 1, Xiaoping Wu c, Simon Ming-Yuen Lee d, f, Sai-Wang Seto d, f, Jinming Zhang e, Guo-Chun Zhou b, , George Pak-Heng Leung c,
a Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China 
b School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China 
c Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China 
d Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China 
e State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China 
f The Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China 
g School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China 

Correspondence to: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, NO.30, South Puzhu Road, Pukou District, Nanjing, China.School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech UniversityNO.30, South Puzhu RoadPukou DistrictNanjingChina⁎⁎Correspondence to: Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory Block, Faculty of Medicine Building, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, 2/F, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory Block, Faculty of Medicine Building, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong2/F, 21 Sassoon RoadHong Kong Special Administrative Region of China

Abstract

AGS-30, a new andrographolide derivative, showed significant anticancer and anti-angiogenic characteristics. However, its role in controlling macrophage polarization and tumor immune response is unknown. Thus, the main goals of this study are to investigate how AGS-30 regulates macrophage polarization and how it suppresses breast cancer metastasis. AGS-30 inhibited IL-4 and IL-13-induced RAW 264.7 and THP-1 macrophages into M2-like phenotype. However, AGS-30 did not affect the LPS and IFN-γ-induced polarization of M1-like macrophages. AGS-30 reduced the mRNA expressions of CD206, Arg-1, Fizz-1, Ym-1, VEGF, IL-10, MMP2, and MMP9 in M2-like macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, andrographolide treatment at 5 μM did not affect M1-like and M2-like macrophage polarization. The conditioned medium from M2-like macrophages increased 4T1 breast cancer cell migration and invasion, whereas AGS-30 inhibited these effects. In the 4T1 breast tumor xenograft mice, the tumor volume and weight were reduced without affecting body weight after receiving AGS-30. AGS-30 treatment also reduced lung and liver metastasis, with reduced STAT6, CD31, VEGF, and Ki67 protein expressions. Moreover, the tumors had considerably fewer M2-like macrophages and Arg-1 expression, but the proportion of M1-like macrophages and iNOS expression increased after AGS-30 treatment. Same results were found in the tail vein metastasis model. In conclusion, this study shows that AGS-30 inhibits breast cancer growth and metastasis, probably through inhibiting M2-like macrophage polarization. Our findings suggest that AGS-30 may be a potential immunotherapeutic alternative for metastatic breast cancer.

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Graphical Abstract




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Highlights

AGS-30 shows stronger effects than Andro in suppressing M2-like macrophage polarization
AGS-30 suppresses M2 macrophages-induced angiogenesis and cancer cell mobility in vitro
AGS-30 suppresses breast cancer metastasis by regulating macrophage polarization and activating T cells

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Abbreviations : Andro, Arg-1, CD31, ELISA, H&E, HUVECs, IFN-γ, IL, iNOS, LDH, LPS, MFI, MMP, PMA, qPCR, STAT6, TNF-α, VEGF

Keywords : Andrographolide derivative, Breast cancer, Macrophage polarization, Cancer metastasis.


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