Stapled transanal rectal resection is the most surgical procedure used for obstructed defecation syndrome, rectal prolapse, rectocele and rectal intussusception worldwide.

The aim of this study is to report our experience and long time consequences and to offer a new medico-legal perspective.

We retrospective review medical charts of patients treated between 2006 and 2021 ​b ​y the same team directed by the same senior surgeon. We consider major complications and long time sequelaeses as main object for the discussion. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were created. IRB approved the study. After revision a medico-legal perspective was done based on major complications.

During the study period 1726 patients, ages between 18 and 71 years old, were treated with 1280 STARR procedures and 446 “Longo” [was stopped on 2012]; all procedures were performed by the senior surgeon and visited by the team at the same control visit at 7days, 30 days and 12 and 18 months after surgery. All patients had 100 ​% compliance at 30 days, while 85 ​% had long time visit (more than 18 months). During the study period 6 ​% (104 subjects) of patients had minor complications while 1 patient (42 ​yrs female) reported total fecal incontinence after 18 months (0,05 ​%). This patient had mental disorder treated with drugs unknown before surgery and long time mental disorder after surgery. We focused on this last case to discuss long time complication

This survey reports some interesting clinical data; respect to standard complications minor complications such as pain, bleeding and anal discomfort represent less than 10 ​% of procedures that is a good results in this perineal surgery. For those working with rectal mucosal prolapse, obstructed defecation syndrome, rectocele or rectal intussusception is essential to distinguish these diagnosis to have a good counselling with patient before surgery (at least 1 month before). It is essential to check these patients with a close follow-up especially after surgery, to avoid any other mental discomfort related to fecal incontinence; long time fecal incontinence, without anatomical disorders as our case, could be associated and related to drugs consumption or mental disorder, or perineal insensitivity due to surgical procedure. In conclusion it is essential to have good clinical practice to suggest STARR procedure, having idea about different diseases, different surgical approaches and different long time complications.