β-escin activates ALDH and prevents cigarette smoke-induced cell death - 05/01/24
Abstract |
Background |
The tobacco use is one of the biggest public health threats worldwide. Cigarette smoke contains over 7000 chemicals among other aldehydes, regarded as priority toxicants. β-escin (a mixture of triterpenoid saponins extracted from the Aesculus hippocastanum. L) is a potent activator of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) – an enzyme catalyzing oxidation of aldehydes to non-toxic carboxylic acids.
Purpose |
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of β-escin on ALDH activity, ALDH isoforms mRNA expression and cytotoxicity in nasal epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE).
Methods |
Nasal epithelial cells from healthy non-smokers were treated with β-escin (1 µM) and exposed to 5% CSE. After 6- or 24-hours of stimulation cell viability, DNA damage, ALDH activity and mRNA expression of ALDH isoforms were examined.
Results |
24 h β-escin stimulation revised CSE induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage. Cells cultured with β-escin or exposed to CSE responded with strong increase in ALDH activity. This effect was more pronounced in cultures treated with combination of β-escin and CSE. The strongest stimulatory effect on ALDH isoform mRNA expression was observed in cells cultured simultaneously with β-escin and CSE: at 6 h for ALDH1A1 and ALDH3A1 , and at 24 h for ALDH1A3 , ALDH3A2, ALDH3B1 , and ALDH18A1 . Combined β-escin and CSE treatment prevented the CSE-induced inhibition of ALDH2 expression at 24 h.
Conclusions |
β-escin is an effective ALDH stimulatory and cytoprotective agent and might be useful in the prevention or supportive treatment of tobacco smoke-related diseases.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Graphical Abstract |
Highlights |
• | β-escin increases ALDH activity and mRNA expression of ALDH isoforms. |
• | β-escin prevents cigarette smoke extract-induced cytotoxicity of human nasal epithelial cells. |
• | β-escin reverses inhibition of ALDH2 expression caused by cigarette smoke extract. |
• | β-escin may facilitate aldehyde removal. |
• | β-escin could be useful in reducing cigarette smoke toxicity. |
Abbreviations : AHR, ALDH, CSE, Fancd2, LDH, qPCR, ROS, SEM, WHO TobReg, 4-HNE
Key words : β-escin, Tobacco, Cigarette smoke extract, ALDH, Epithelium
Plan
Vol 170
Article 115924- janvier 2024 Retour au numéro
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