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Skin delivery of synthetic benzoyl pterostilbenes suppresses atopic dermatitis-like inflammation through the inhibition of keratinocyte and macrophage activation - 05/01/24

Doi : 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116073 
Kai-Wei Tang a, b, 1, Ching-Yun Hsu c, d, 1, Ibrahim A. Aljuffali e, Ahmed Alalaiwe f, Wang-Ni Lai g, Pei-Yu Gu h, Chih-Hua Tseng a, i, j, k, , Jia-You Fang d, h, l,
a School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 
b Division of Drug Discovery, Research and Development Department, Anti-Microbial Savior BioteQ Co., Ltd., Kaohsiung, Taiwan 
c Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan 
d Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan 
e Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 
f Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia 
g Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 
h Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan 
i Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 
j Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 
k College of Professional Studies, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan 
l Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan 

Correspondence to: School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shiquan 1st Rd., Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University100 Shiquan 1st RdKaohsiung807Taiwan⁎⁎Correspondence to: Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, KweishanTaoyuan333Taiwan

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin autoimmune diseases needing continuous anti-inflammatory management. Pterostilbene is reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity with higher bioavailability and stability than its parent compound, resveratrol. In this study, a series of synthetic pterostilbene analogs were designed by the hybridization of pterostilbene with chalcones or benzoyl chloride. Seventeen analogs derived from pterostilbene were synthesized with differences in the positions of hydroxyl, methoxyl, or fluoro moieties. These compounds were screened by the inhibitory effect on the overexpressed Th2-associated cytokines/chemokines in the activated human keratinocytes (HaCaT). The anti-IL-5 and anti-CCL5 activity of these compounds led to the identification of three effective compounds: 3a ((E)− 4-(3,5-dimethoxystyryl)phenyl benzoate), 3d ((E)− 4-(3,5-dimethoxystyryl)phenyl 2-methoxybenzoate), and 3g ((E)− 4-(3,5-dimethoxystyryl)phenyl 2-fluorobenzoate). These benzoyl pterostilbenes also significantly decreased Th1/Th17-associated proinflammatory mediators in the activated macrophages (differentiated THP-1). The result showed that the conditioned medium of benzoyl pterostilbene-treated macrophages reduced the phosphorylated STAT3 in the keratinocytes, indicating the blockade of crosstalk between resident and immune cells. Compounds 3d and 3g generally showed greater skin absorption than 3a. The flux of 3g across barrier-defective skins mimicking the AD skin was 3-fold higher than that of across intact skin. The dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD mouse model manifested that topical delivery with 3g improved the pathological signs through inhibiting cytokines/chemokines (IL-5, TNF-α, CCL17, and CCL22) and macrophage recruitment. The epidermal thickness was reduced from 76 to 55 µm after topical 3g delivery. The therapeutic activity of 3g was comparable to that of tacrolimus (TAC) used as a positive control. The benzoyl pterostilbenes attenuated the inflammation via the MAPK and c-Jun signaling. Furthermore, this study provided experimental evidence of benzoyl pterostilbene analogs for therapeutic potential on AD.

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Graphical Abstract




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Highlights

Pterostilbene analogs were synthesized by the hybridization with benzoyl chloride.
Proinflammatory mediators in keratinocytes were inhibited by benzoyl pterostilbenes.
Benzoyl pterostilbenes facilely penetrated into the atopic dermatitis-like skin.
The compound containing fluoro was beneficial to suppress inflammatory skin in mice.
Benzoyl pterostilbenes are potential candidates for atopic dermatitis treatment.

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Abbreviations : AD, AP-1, APC, CCK-8, CCL, CCR4, DMAP, DNCB, ELISA, ERK, FBS, H&E, HPLC, IFN-γ, IHC, IL, JNK, MAPK, MDC, MW, NF-κB, NMR, ppm, RANTES, RT-qPCR, SC, SEM, STAT-3, TAC, TARC, TEWL, Th, TI, TJ, TLC, TMS, TNF-α

Keywords : Pterostilbene, Synthetic derivative, Atopic dermatitis, Skin absorption, Keratinocyte, Macrophage


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