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Obeticholic acid-loaded exosomes attenuate liver fibrosis through dual targeting of the FXR signaling pathway and ECM remodeling - 11/11/23

Doi : 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115777 
Arezou Azizsoltani a, b, Behzad Hatami c, Mohammad Reza Zali c, Vahideh Mahdavi d, Kaveh Baghaei b, c, , 1 , Effat Alizadeh e, , 1
a Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 
b Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 
c Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 
d Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran 
e Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 

Correspondence to: Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease (RIGLD), Tehran, Iran.Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease (RIGLD)TehranIran⁎⁎Corresponding author.

Abstract

End-stage of liver fibrosis as a precancerous state could lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma which liver transplantation is the only effective treatment. Previous studies have indicated that farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists, such as obeticholic acid (OCA) protect against hepatic injuries. However, free OCA administration results in side effects in clinical trials that could be alleviated by applying bio carriers such as MSC-derived exosomes (Exo) with the potential to mimic the biological regenerative effect of their parent cells, as proposed in this study. Loading OCA into the Exo was conducted via water bath sonication. Ex vivo bio distribution studies validated the Exo-loaded OCA more permanently accumulated in the liver. Using CCL4-induced liver fibrosis, we proposed whether Exo isolated from human Warton’s Jelly mesenchymal stem cells loaded with a minimal dosage of OCA can facilitate liver recovery. Notably, Exo-loaded OCA exerted additive anti-fibrotic efficacy on histopathological features in CCL4-induced fibrotic mice. Compared to baseline, Exo-mediated delivery OCA results in marked improvements in the fibrotic-related indicators as well as serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations. Accordingly, the synergistic impact of Exo-loaded OCA as a promising approach is associated with the inactivation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and Fxr-Cyp7a1 cascade on CCL4-induced liver fibrosis mice. In conclusion, our data confirmed the additive protective effects of Exo-loaded OCA in fibrotic mice, which suggests a valuable therapeutic strategy to combat liver fibrosis. Furthermore, the use of Exo for accurate drug delivery to the liver tissue can be inspiring.

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Graphical Abstract




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Highlights

Exosome-loaded obeticholic acid caused inactivation of hepatic stellate cells (LX2).
Exosome-loaded obeticholic acid (OCA) synergically combat liver fibrosis in mice.
Exosome-loaded OCA affects liver fibrosis through extracellular matrix remodeling.
Exosome-loaded OCA affects liver fibrosis by FXR-Cyp7a1 signaling pathway.

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Chemical compounds studied in this article : Obeticholic Acid (PubChem CID: 447715), PMSF (Pubchem CID: 4784), Acetonitrile (PubChem CID: 6342), Formic acid (Pubchem CID: 284)

Abbreviations : , Fxr, , OCA, , Exo, , AST, , ALT, , HSCs, , ECM, , NAFLD, , NASH, , Cyp7a1, , a-Sma, , Timp-1, , PBC, , MSCs, , WJ, , UCs, , PE, , BCA, , DLS, , TEM, , FE-SEM, , UHPLC‑MS/MS, , EIC, , MT, , H&E, , SR, , ECL, , IHC, , HDL, , Pdgfr-β, , PMSF

Keywords : Liver disorders, Obeticholic Acid (INT-747), Extracellular vesicles, Hepatic stellate cells, Farnesoid X receptor, Exosome


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