This study aims to compare the surgical and clinical complications, and the dental implant survival rate after maxillary sinus floor augmentation using demineralized freeze-dried bone allografts (DFDBA) versus bovine derived xenografts.

A retrospective study enrolled 107 patients (52 males and 55 females, mean age group 1: 54,4 years; group 2: 56,4 years) requiring maxillary bone reconstruction prior to implantation. A total of 141 sinuses were grafted and 191 implants were placed. Data on various variables, including patient characteristics, implant placement details, and outcomes, were collected through medical records and patient questionnaires.

The study found no significant differences in implant survival rates between the two groups (94,0% versus 94,4%; p = 0,919). Overall complications were observed in 19.6% of patients, with a higher incidence in the allograft group (23,6% versus 15,4%; p = 0,283). Multiple logistic regression analysis identified a two-stage surgical protocol (OR= 2,8; p = 0,045), and a preoperative alveolar ridge height of less than 4 mm (OR= 5,3; p = 0,004) as significant predictors of complications. The risk of implant failure was raised by a preoperative alveolar ridge height of less than 4 mm (OR= 6,1; p = 0,038) and smoking (OR= 5,8; p = 0,012).

DFDBA is a reliable treatment option for extensive rehabilitation of atrophic maxilla, with a success rate comparable to xenografts used in sinus augmentation. Implant failure was significantly correlated with smoking and a residual ridge height of less than 4 mm.