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DNAi-peptide nanohybrid smart particles target BCL-2 oncogene and induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells - 13/09/23

Doi : 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115299 
Mohsen Alipour a, c, , Reza Sheikhnejad b, Mohamad Hassan Fouani c, Hassan Bardania d, Saman Hosseinkhani c, e,
a Department of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran 
b Department of Molecular Biology, Tofigh Daru Co. (TODACO), Tehran, Iran 
c Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences,Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 
d Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran 
e Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 

Corresponding author at: Department of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.Department of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical SciencesJahromIran⁎⁎Correspondence to: Faculty of Biological Sciences,Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Fax: +98-21-82884718.Faculty of Biological Sciences,Tarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran

Abstract

Genomic DNA sequences provide unique target sites, with high druggability value, for treatment of genetically-linked diseases like cancer. B-cell lymphoma protein-2 (BCL-2) prevents Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) and Bcl-2 antagonist killer 1 (BAK) oligomerization, which would otherwise lead to the release of several apoptogenic molecules from the mitochondrion. It is also known that BCL-2 binds to and inactivates BAX and other pro-apoptotic proteins, thereby inhibiting apoptosis. BCL-2 protein family, through its role in regulation of apoptotic pathways, is possibly related to chemo-resistance in almost half of all cancer types including breast cancer. Here for the first time, we have developed a nanohybrid using a peptide-based carrier and a Deoxyribonucleic acid inhibitor (DNAi) against BCL-2 oncogene to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells. The genetically designed nanocarrier was functionalized with an internalizing RGD (iRGD) targeting motif and successfully produced by recombinant DNA technology. Gel retardation assay demonstrated that the peptide-based carrier binds single-stranded DNAi upon simple mixing. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses further revealed the formation of nanohybrid particles with a size of 30 nm and a slightly positive charge. This hemocompatible nanohybrid efficiently delivered its contents into cancer cells using iRGD targeting moiety. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that the nanohybrids, which contained DNAi against BCL-2 proficiently suppressed the expression of this oncogene in a sequence specific manner. In addition, the nanohybrid, triggered release of cytochrome c (cyt c) and caspase3/7 activation with high efficiency. Although the DNAi and free nanocarrier were separately unable to affect the cell viability, the nanohybrid of 20 nM of DNAi showed outstanding antineoplastic potential, which was adjusted by the ratio of the MiRGD nanocarrier to DNAi. It should be noted that, the designed nanohybrid showed a suitable specificity profile and did not affect the viability of normal cells. The results suggest that this nanohybrid may be useful for robust breast cancer treatment through targeting the BCL-2 oncogene without any side effects.

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Graphical Abstract




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The mechanism of cell death induced by nanohybrid of deoxyribonucleic acid inhibitor (DNAi) and MiRGD peptide. i) Nanohybrid forms instantly upon simple mixing ii) The presence of iRGD in the carrier facilitates uptake of nanohybrid by cancer cells iii) The glycoprotein 41 (GP41) motif of nanocarrier helps endosome escaping, and NLS motif of it helps nuclear delivery of nanohybrid iv) The released DNAi from nanohybrid specifically inhibits BCL-2 mRNA expression v) Decrease of BCL-2 protein level in BAX/BCL-2 balance leads to release of cytochrome c vi) Activation of caspase 3/7 and cell death.


The mechanism of cell death induced by nanohybrid of deoxyribonucleic acid inhibitor (DNAi) and MiRGD peptide. i) Nanohybrid forms instantly upon simple mixing ii) The presence of iRGD in the carrier facilitates uptake of nanohybrid by cancer cells iii) The glycoprotein 41 (GP41) motif of nanocarrier helps endosome escaping, and NLS motif of it helps nuclear delivery of nanohybrid iv) The released DNAi from nanohybrid specifically inhibits BCL-2 mRNA expression v) Decrease of BCL-2 protein level in BAX/BCL-2 balance leads to release of cytochrome c vi) Activation of caspase 3/7 and cell death.ga1

Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.

Highlights

Single-stranded DNA inhibitor (DNAi) can specifically suppress gene expression.
Peptide-based nanocarrieres in presence of DNAi form nanohybrids for efficient delivery and gene silencing.
iRGD functionalized peptide, enhance targeted gene delivery to breast cancer cells.
Nanohybrids silence BCL-2, promote cytochrome c release, activate caspase 3/7 and induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells.

Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.

Keywords : Nanohybrid, BCL-2 DNAi, Breast cancer, Apoptosis, Peptide-based carrier


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© 2023  The Authors. Publié par Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits réservés.
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Vol 166

Article 115299- octobre 2023 Retour au numéro
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