The management and treatment of disease are achieved via the use of pharmacologically active substances or drugs. Drugs do not, however, have an intrinsic ability to be effective; rather, how well they work depends on how they are administered or supplied. Treatment of a variety of biological illnesses, such as autoimmune disorders, cancer, and bacterial infections, requires effective drug delivery. Drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, duration of therapeutic impact, pharmacokinetics, excretion, and toxicity can all be impacted by drug administration. Improved chemistry and materials are required for the delivery of therapeutic concentration of novel treatments to the specified targets within the body, as well as for the necessary duration of time. This requirement is accompanied by the development of new therapeutics. Formulating a medication as a DDS is a promising strategy for directly addressing numerous typical barriers to adherence, such as frequent dosage, such as frequent dosage, side effects, and a delayed beginning of the action. In the current review, we give a compendium of drug delivery and controlled release and subsequently highlight some of the newest developments in the realm, with a particular emphasis on cutting-edge methods for targeted therapy. In each instance, we outline the obstacles to efficient drug administration as well as the chemical and material developments that are allowing the sector to overcome these obstacles and have a positive clinical impact.