Compliance with sepsis guidelines has been shown to be linked to better outcomes in patients with septic shock; however, adherence to these guidelines is not consistent among pediatric healthcare providers. In Tunisia, the management of children with septic shock is initiated by the pediatric resident on call.

This study assessed the compliance of Tunisian pediatric residents with the 2020 “Surviving Sepsis Campaign” guidelines and identified factors that could improve compliance. We conducted a cross-sectional national study based on an online survey (SurveyMonkey) presenting a clinical pediatric case of septic shock. The survey was sent to the 200 residents registered in the Tunisian pediatric residency program.

The response rate was 72%, with 144 residents replying to the survey. Up to 72.9% of the residents had good compliance with the 1-h bundle: obtaining blood cultures prior to antibiotics, early administration of intravenous (IV) antibiotics, IV fluid expansion, and vasopressor for fluid-refractory septic shock. Factors independently associated with good compliance were a pediatric intensive care unit rotation (odds ratio [OR]: 5.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.44–18.58; p = 0.012), availability of a written protocol (OR: 9.09, 95% CI: 2.67–30.97; p<0.001), an on-call senior supervisor on site (OR: 6.76, 95% CI: 2.24–20.40; p = 0.001), and European Pediatric Advanced Life Support (EPALS) certification (OR: 13.47, 95% CI: 3.05–59.31; p = 0.001).

These factors could be considered in the process of a quality improvement strategy that ultimately better promotes performance in pediatric sepsis management and may improve patient outcomes.