Progress in medical imaging has improved recognition and management of osteoid osteoma. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous thermal ablation and discuss the advantages and disadvantages.

We reviewed retrospectively 33 consecutive patients with osteoid osteoma who had undergone CT-guided radiofrequency ablation. The diagnosis was established on the basis of the clinical presentation and pathognomonic radiographic findings (CT and bone scintigram) without histological proof. We recorded patient age and gender, tumor location, clinical signs and duration, imaging findings, duration of the ablation procedure, type of anesthesia, hospital stay, and complications. We evaluated their effect on final outcome.

Weight-bearing was possible in all patients with a lesion of the lower limb a few hours after surgery. Patients resumed their normal activities in 24-48 hours. Pain resolved immediately after radiofrequency ablation in 26 patients and limping, when present, disappeared within 24 hours. At mean follow-up of 34 months (minimum 12 months) there was one case of recurrent pain. Clinical cure was confirmed by CT and bone scintigraphy in twelve patients.

This precise and minimally invasive method is an effective and safe way to reduce healthcare expenditures. It can be recommended as the primary treatment for osteoid osteoma.