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The anti-melanogenic properties of Swietenia macrophylla king - 29/04/23

Doi : 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114659 
Camille Keisha Mahendra a, Hooi-Leng Ser b, Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin c, Shafi Ullah Khan d, Priyia Pusparajah e, Thet Thet Htar a, Lay-Hong Chuah a, Siah Ying Tang f, g, h, Long Chiau Ming i, Khang Wen Goh j, Yatinesh Kumari k, , Bey Hing Goh a, l,
a Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 
b Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia 
c Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) Platform, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 
d Product & Process Innovation Department, Qarshi Brands (Pvt) Ltd, Hattar Industrial Estate, 22610, Haripur, KPK, Pakistan 
e Medical Health and Translational Research Group, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 
f Advanced Engineering Platform, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia 
g Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia 
h Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia 
i Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia 
j PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam 
k Neurological Disorder and Aging Research Group (NDA), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia 
l College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China 

Corresponding author at: Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaBandar SunwaySelangor Darul Ehsan47500Malaysia.⁎⁎Corresponding author.

Abstract

Fair flawless skin is the goal for some cultures and the development of irregular skin pigmentation is considered an indication of premature skin aging. Hence, there is a rising demand for skin whitening cosmetics. Thus, this research will be focusing on discovering the anti-pigmentation properties of Swietenia macrophylla seeds. Firstly, the seeds were extracted with ethanol and further fractionate based on their polarity before testing them on zebrafish embryos. The ethanolic extract of the seed demonstrated significant inhibition of both tyrosinase activity and melanin production in the embryos. However, after fractionation, the anti-melanogenic ability was observed to have decreased, signifying that the phytocompounds may be synergistic in nature. Still in the proteomic studies the ethanolic extract and its hexane fraction both induced the downregulation of cathepsin LB and cytoskeletal proteins that have connections to the melanogenic pathway, confirming that S. macrophylla seeds do indeed have anti-pigmentation properties that can be exploited for cosmetic use. Next, limonoids (tetranortriterpenoids found in the seed) were tested for their inhibitory effect against human tyrosinase related protein 1 (TYRP-1) via molecular docking. It was found that limonoids have a stronger binding affinity to TYRP-1 than kojic acid, suggesting that these phytocompounds may have the potential in inhibiting pigmentation. However, this still needs further confirmation before these phytocompounds can be developed into a skin whitening agent. Other assays like ex-vivo or 3D human skin culture can also be used to better study the seeds anti-pigmentation effect on humans.

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Graphical Abstract




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Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.

Keywords : Cosmeceutical, Anti-photoaging, Swietenia macrophylla, Skin whitening, Molecular docking, Zebrafish embryo, LC-MS/MS, Natural product, Anti-tyrosinase, Tyrosinase related protein-1


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