The diagnosis and management of lung cancer is challenging among patients followed-up for pulmonary hypertension (PH). Many interventional procedures are not suitable for severely ill patients, thus limiting the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. We report on patients diagnosed with both conditions in our Institution.

We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study at Toulouse University Hospital. We analysed both management and outcome for patients followed-up for precapillary PH following diagnosis of primary lung cancer.

Out of 764 patients followed-up for PH, 25 went on to develop bronchopulmonary neoplasia. The median age was 69 years with a predominance of males (56%) and smokers (92%). Fifty-two percent had group 1 PH and 36% severe group 3 PH. The comorbidity burden was high and 76% were oxygen-dependent. Twenty-eight percent of patients were considered ineligible for tissue biopsy, the diagnosis being made by a multidisciplinary team (MDT) based on radio-clinical presentation. Fifty-four percent of patients did not benefit from any treatment. Sixteen percent of pulmonary diagnostic procedures were associated with complications (severe hypoxaemia, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, haemothorax). Patients were undertreated compared to disease stage guidelines (2 surgical procedures for 9 localised stages). Median survival after cancer diagnosis was 6 months.

The management of lung cancer is complex in PH patients. The high rate of complications during the diagnosis and therapy steps coupled with very poor patient outcome for both conditions should prompt physicians to thoroughly discuss the benefit/risk benefit in each case.