Appropriate inflammation is an effective weapon for the body to fight against harmful stimuli, while excessive or prolonged inflammatory reactions could lead to tissue destruction, fibrosis, and even organ failure. The timely termination of inflammatory response is of great significance for maintaining the homeostasis of the body. Unlike the past perception that the regression of inflammation is a passive process, it is now considered that the regression of inflammation is a carefully coordinated active process. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) play an important role in limiting the inflammatory response, promoting the regression of inflammation, and maintaining homeostasis. Increasing evidence suggests that exogenous treatment with SPMs could effectively improve symptoms in various inflammatory-related diseases. In this review, we briefly address the current family members of SPMs. We elaborated on the extensive regulation of SPMs of multiple immune cells in various inflammatory-related diseases and the related mechanisms. Our research provides a theoretical basis for promoting an understanding of the role and mechanism of SMPs in inflammation.