Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is one of the common complications of cancer patients, with occult onset, long duration, and unfavorable treatment outcomes, which is disturbing to patients and clinicians. Chinese medicine has natural and unique advantages in improving CRF symptoms. Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi decoction is commonly applied for treating CRF. In this study, we intend to further study the effect and mechanism of Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi decoction in the treatment of CRF, and explore the active chemical components of the medicinal herbs. To this end, we reviewed the previous clinical research and experiments, analyzed the molecular mechanism, pharmacological effect, active chemical composition and its target of action in the treatment of CRF with tonic and Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi decoction, which provided a theoretical basis for future research and practice.