Tibia fractures are the most common long bone injuries encountered in the trauma population. The majority are treated successfully but non-union remains a common complication. A systematic review of current evidence regarding the management for aseptic diaphyseal tibial non-unions was undertaken.

A systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), was conducted.

A total of 632 publications were screened for inclusion. Full text review of 91 studies resulted in 26 publications being retained for final review. The majority of patients included in the studies either underwent exchange nailing (n=315) or primary intramedullary nailing (n=174) with respective union rates of 88% and 95% being achieved. The highest union rate (97%) was achieved with the use of fine wire external fixation. The major adjuvant treatment modalities were fibula osteotomies (n=372; 41%), fixation dynamization (n=208; 23%) and bone grafting (n=183; 20%).

The lack of standardization in reporting of outcomes and the diversity of management strategies employed precludes definitive conclusions or recommendations. Further research is required to ascertain the ideal treatment strategy in the management of aseptic tibial diaphyseal non-unions.

IV.