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Preclinical anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Azanza garckeana in STZ-induced glycemic-impaired rats, and pharmacoinformatics of it major phytoconstituents - 18/06/22

Doi : 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113196 
Bashir Lawal a, b, Saidu Sani c, Amos S. Onikanni d, e, Yunusa O. Ibrahim f, Abdulhakeem R. Agboola g, Halimat Yusuf Lukman h, Femi Olawale i, Ali A. Jigam f, Gaber El-Saber Batiha j, Shukurat B. Babalola k, Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab l, m, Clara Mariana Gonçalves Lima n, Alexander T.H. Wu o, p, q, r, , Hsu-Shan Huang a, b, r, s, t, , Carlos Adam Conte-Junior u
a Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan 
b Graduate Institute for Cancer Biology & Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan 
c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, P.M.B 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria 
d Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria 
e College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taiwan 
f Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Minna Nigeria 
g Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar Nigeria 
h Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Summit University, Offa, PMB 4412, Nigeria 
i Nano gene and Drug Delivery Group, University of Kwazulu Natal, South Africa 
j Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt 
k Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Minna Nigeria 
l Pharmacology Department & Health Research Unit, Medical College, Jouf University, Jouf, Saudai Arabia 
m Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt 
n Department of Food Science, Federal University of Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil 
o The PhD Program of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan 
p Clinical Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan 
q TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan 
r Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan 
s School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan 
t PhD Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan 
u Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil 

Corresponding author at: Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan.Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical CenterTaipei114Taiwan⁎⁎Corresponding author at: Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia SinicaTaipei11031Taiwan

Abstract

The quest for novel anti-diabetic medication from medicinal plants is very important since they contain bioactive phytochemicals that offer better activity and safety compared to conventional therapy. In the present study, in vitro, in vivo and in silico approaches were explored to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, and hypoglycemic activities of the crude methanol extract of Azanza garckeana pulp. Our in vitro analysis revealed that the extract contains total phenols (260.80 ± 2.23 mg/100 g) and total flavonoids (10.28 ± 1.29 mg/100 g) contents, and demonstrated dose-dependent in vitro antioxidants activities in; DPPH (IC50 =141.30 ± 1.64 µg/mL), FRAP (IC50 =155.07 ± 1.03 µg/mL), LPO (IC50 =184.96 ± 2.01 µg/mL), and ABTS (IC50 =162.56 ± 1.14 µg/mL) assays; anti-inflammatory activities in: membrane stabilization (IC50 =141.34 ± 0.46 µg/mL), protein denaturation (IC50 =203.61 ± 2.35 µg/mL) and proteinase activities (IC50=f 171.35 ± 1.56 µg/mL) assays; and hypoglycemic activities in: α- amylase (IC50 277.85 ± 2.51 µg/mL), and glucose uptake by yeast cells assays. In vivo analysis revealed that the extract exhibited dose-dependent anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic activities and improved the weight gain in STZ-induced diabetic rats. In addition, the extract attenuated oxidative stress and increased the activities of SOD, catalase, GSH while depleting the level of LPO in STZ induced diabetic rats. Consequently, the liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) characterization of A. garckeana pulp, revealed the presence of 2-Hexadecen-1-ol,3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-,(2E,7 R,11 R)-, nonyl flavanone, testolactone and 6-(Benzyloxy)− 4,4-Dimethyl-2-Chromanone. These compounds were subjected to pharmacoinformatics analysis among which testolactone and 6-(Benzyloxy)− 4,4-Dimethyl-2-Chromanone demonstrated the best drug-likeness, pharmacokinetics, and also exhibited potential hypoglycemic and anti-inflammatory properties. Altogether, the present study provides preclinical evidence of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities of A. garckeana extract suggesting its potential applications for the development of alternative therapy for diabetes and its associated inflammatory condition.

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Graphical Abstract




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Abbreviations : TBA, DPPH, ABTS, HPLC, MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH, LPO, STZ, BBB, TPSA

Keywords : Azanza garckeana, Diabetes mellitus, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antidiabetic


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