Uterine fibroids are often associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), the exact prevalence of which has been underexplored. Our main objective was to evaluate the effect of surgical treatment of fibroids on LUTS. Our secondary objectives were to assess the prevalence of LUTS in women undergoing fibroid surgery and to analyze the relationship between the characteristics of fibroids and the severity of symptoms.

This was a prospective study of women conducted between 2019 and 2021. The main endpoint was the change in the total UDI-6, IIQ7, ICIQ-SF and CONTILIFE scores preoperatively and 6 weeks postoperatively.

Of the 55 included women, 63.6% had frequency and 60% had urgency. Six weeks postoperatively, urinary symptoms had significantly improved for all scores. The presence of an anterior fibroid was significantly associated with higher urinary symptom scores for the UDI-6 (p = 0.007) and ICIQ-SF scores (p = 0.04). The size of the uterus or dominant fibroid was not significantly associated with the severity of urinary symptoms.

Fibroids are often associated with symptoms of overactive bladder. An anterior location of the fibroid appears to be associated with greater severity scores. Surgical treatment appears to reduce urinary symptoms 6 weeks postoperatively.