Toxic Alcohol Poisoning - 20/04/22

Doi : 10.1016/j.emc.2022.01.012

Jennifer A. Ross, MD, MPH ^a, Heather A. Borek, MD ^b, Christopher P. Holstege, MD ^c,^d,^⁎ , Joshua D. King, MD ^e
^a Adolescent Substance Use and Addiction Program (ASAP), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
^b Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 800774, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0774, USA
^c Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Blue Ridge Poison Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0774, USA
^d Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Blue Ridge Poison Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0774, USA
^e Medicine and Pharmacy, Maryland Poison Center, Nephrology Fellowship, University of Maryland, Maryland Poison Center, 220 Arch Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA

^∗Corresponding author. Division of Medical Toxicology-Blue Ridge Poison Center, University of Virginia Health System, P.O. Box 800774, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0774.Division of Medical Toxicology-Blue Ridge Poison CenterUniversity of Virginia Health SystemP.O. Box 800774CharlottesvilleVA22908-0774

Résumé

This article reviews the background, metabolism, clinical effects, and treatment of toxic alcohols, specifically ethylene glycol, methanol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and isopropyl alcohol. This article also reviews the importance of an anion gap metabolic acidosis in relation to toxic alcohols and explores both the utility and the limitations of the osmol gap in patient management.

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Keywords : Toxic alcohol, Methanol, Ethylene glycol, Diethylene glycol, Propylene glycol, Isopropyl alcohol, Acetone, Osmol gap