Carbon Monoxide Toxicity - 20/04/22

Doi : 10.1016/j.emc.2022.01.005

Kristine A. Nañagas, MD ^a,^⁎ , Shannon J. Penfound, MPH ^b,^{^{1
Co-authors.}}, Louise W. Kao, MD ^c,^{^{1
Co-authors.}}
^a Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana Poison Center, 1701 North Senate Boulevard, B412b, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
^b Indiana Poison Center, Epidemiologist, 1701 North Senate Boulevard, B418, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
^c Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana Poison Center, 1701 North Senate Boulevard, B412a, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA

^∗Corresponding author.

Résumé

Carbon monoxide accounts for thousands of deaths worldwide each year. Clinical effects can be diverse and include headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, syncope, seizures, coma, dysrhythmias, and cardiac ischemia, and severe toxicity generally affects the nervous and cardiovascular systems. Because of its complex pathophysiology, effects of toxicity can be acute or delayed. The diagnosis can be elusive, as carboxyhemoglobin levels do not always correlate with the degree of poisoning. Even when the diagnosis is certain, appropriate therapy is widely debated. Normobaric oxygen is the standard therapy, and the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen is unclear.

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Keywords : Carbon monoxide, Normobaric oxygen, Hyperbaric oxygen, Neuropsychometric testing, Poisoning, Toxicity, Carboxyhemoglobin, Delayed neurologic sequelae