Clinicians, in general, must understand the basis of immunomodulation; management principles associated with organ transplantation, autoimmune diseases, and allergic reactions; and complications of therapy. They must recognize that these patients require multidisciplinary treatment and coordination of care. Oral health care providers must recognize that immunotherapy may produce adverse effects by direct toxicity at the cellular level or indirectly, characterized by myeloimmu-nosuppression, and respond to the obligation to deliver quality care, competently and timely before, during, and after immunotherapy.