History of prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of pulmonary sequelae of tuberculosis - 05/03/22

Doi : 10.1016/j.lpm.2022.104112

Giovanni Battista Migliori ^a,^⁎ , Jose’ Caminero Luna ^b, Xhevat Kurhasani ^c, Martin van den Boom ^d, Dina Visca ^e,^f, Lia D'Ambrosio ^g, Rosella Centis ^a, Simon Tiberi ^h,ⁱ
^a Servizio di Epidemiologia Clinica delle Malattie Respiratorie, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Tradate, Italy
^b Mycobacterial Unit, Pneumology Department. University General Hospital of Gran Canaria Dr. Negrin, Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, Spain
^c Non-governmental organization KeA, Prishtina, Kosovo
^d WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region, Cairo, Egypt
^e Division of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Tradate, Italy
^f Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Diseases, University of Insubria, Tradate, Varese-Como, Italy
^g Public Health Consulting Group, Lugano, Switzerland
^h Department of Infection, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
ⁱ Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

^⁎Corresponding author at: Servizio di Epidemiologia Clinica delle Malattie Respiratorie, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Roncaccio 16, Tradate, Varese, 21049, Italy.Servizio di Epidemiologia Clinica delle Malattie Respiratorie, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCSVia Roncaccio 16, TradateVarese21049Italy

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Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB), known as the White Plague’ is of great significance to humanity for the magnitude of morbidity and mortality it has generated over centuries from the very start of human civilization. In this Review, we will describe the history of prevention (vaccination and management of TB infection), diagnosis, treatment and pulmonary rehabilitation of post-treatment sequelae. The article leads the reader through the main discoveries which paved the way to the modern approach to TB prevention and care. The history of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine and of the diagnosis and treatment of TB infection are presented, together with that of diagnosis and treatment of TB disease. Pivotal was in 1882 the discovery by Robert Koch of the aetiological agent of TB, and his pioneering work in culturing the bacillus and developing tuberculin. Also of enormous importance was, in 1895, the discovery of the X-rays by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, discovery which paved the way to the development of the modern imaging technologies.

To complement this, the more recent history of rehabilitation of post-treatment sequelae is summarized, given the importance this issue has on patients’ wellbeing and Quality of Life.

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