Primary sleep bruxism (SB) affects between 6 and 30% of children and adolescents. Its frequency increases with age, reaching a peak at 10–14 years of age, after which it drops until adulthood. The treatment of SB has not been extensively documented, resulting in a lack of reference points and legitimate concerns for dentists in their everyday practice. The aim of this literature review was to summarize the available evidence on the management of SB in children and adolescents and the efficacy of the different approaches.

A systematic literature search was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines from January 2006 to December 2020 using the PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases. All types of SB treatment were accepted. Eight studies were selected for their protocol quality, according to the PICOS tool.

Several treatment methods were assessed from the eight clinical studies selected, such as occlusal splint, palatal expansion, and pharmacological treatment. Assessment of the treatment methods was difficult because only eight studies were selected, and both the treatment methods and the study protocols used were different. The therapeutic strategies found in the literature were based on the general condition of the case. Treatment approaches were distinguished into treatments for isolated SB and those for SB associated with ventilatory disorders.

The current study shows the need to define diagnostic criteria adapted to SB in children in order to improve epidemiological surveys and subsequently clinical practice. To overcome the difficulties related to SB diagnostic criteria, a multidisciplinary approach, involving pediatricians, otorhinolaryngologists, and dental practitioners, is essential for a better management and follow-up of young patients. A case-by-case approach, taking into account the specificities of each young patient, seems the most appropriate management today.