Open fetal myelomeningocele (MMC) surgery is currently the standard of care option for prenatal MMC repair. We described the population referred to our center and reviewed outcome after open fetal MMC repair.

All patients referred to our center for MMC were reviewed from July 2014 to June 2020. For all the patients who underwent fetal MMC repair, surgical details, maternal characteristics and data from the neonatal to the three-years-old evaluations were collected.

Among the 126 patients referred to our center, 49.2% were eligible and 27.4% (n = 17) of them underwent fetal MMC repair. Average gestational age at fetal surgery was 24⁺⁶ weeks. There was no case of fetal complication and the only maternal complication was one case of transfusion. We recorded 70% of premature rupture of membranes and 47% of premature labor. Average gestational age at delivery was 34⁺² weeks and no patient delivered before 30 weeks. There was no case of uterine scar dehiscence or maternal complication during cesarean section. After birth, 59% of the children had a hindbrain herniation reversal. At 1-year-old, 42% were assigned a functional level of one or more better than expected according to the prenatal anatomic level and 25% required a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. At 3-year-old, all the children attended school and 75% were able to walk with orthotics or independently.

Open fetal surgery enables anatomical repair of the MMC lesion, a potential benefit on cerebral anomalies and motor function, with a low rate of perinatal and maternal complications.