Food intake control and body weight regulation by dietary protein - 01/12/20
« Influence de la teneur en protéines de l’alimentation sur le contrôle de la prise alimentaire et la régulation du poids »
, Claire Gaudichon, Patrick C. EvenRésumé |
Key points |
• | Under free choice conditions, animal models, mainly rats, choose protein intake levels far in excess of what is required to maintain the body's protein pool. |
• | The mechanisms for controlling protein intake are partly independent of those controlling energy intake. This can lead to conflicts and induce excessive calorie intake when the protein content of the diet is too low. |
• | It has been suggested that rats seek to establish a high protein-to-carbohydrate ratio (0.6–0.8) in their diet because this ratio would induce metabolic benefits. |
• | The protein leverage hypothesis suggests that, when protein intake is just below requirements, the mechanisms that control protein intake are strong enough to induce an increase in food intake and weight gain. |
Summary |
The protein requirement is generally defined as the amount necessary to maintain the body's protein pool. However, under free choice conditions, animal models often ingest more protein than required for nitrogen balance (10%–15%). This behavior possibly reflects the search for a high protein-to-carbohydrate ratio (0.6–0.8), inducing metabolic benefits. This indicates that in addition to protein homeostasis, dietary proteins are also involved in energy homeostasis. The mechanisms controlling protein and energy intake are partly independent and in specific conditions, there may be a conflict between the two. Protein density in the human diet has decreased ∼2% since the 1970s and, according to the protein leverage hypothesis, this decrease may be responsible for the increase in energy intake and prevalence of obesity observed today.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Keywords : Amino acid, Food intake, Energy metabolism, Body weight, Low protein diets, Dietary self-selection, Protein leverage hypothesis, Protein quality
Plan
Vol 55 - N° 6
P. e1-e8 - décembre 2020 Retour au numéro
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