Allergic diseases are recognized as a burden on the public health. They stand as one of the most common chronic diseases, especially in developed countries. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the association between the development of atopic allergy and the presence of food allergy in children, and food consumption.

This multidisciplinary cross-observational epidemiological study was conducted among 1199 schoolchildren who were recruited in 4th grade and 5th grade (9–11 years old from Marseille). Data were collected by means of a standardized epidemiological questionnaire with a medical assessment focusing on allergic diseases, and questions on lifestyle and child nutrition (FFQ).

During the last 12 months, prevalence of allergic diseases were shown as follows: 41% of children presented allergic rhinitis symptoms, 24% reported having asthma related symptoms, while 28% suffered of eczema and 7% complained of food allergy. There was a significant association between food allergy and asthma symptoms (P-value<0.001, IC=[2.29–7.69]), eczema (P-value<0.001, IC=[2.37–8.32]) and allergic rhinitis (P-value<0.001, IC=[2.32–8.17]). Regarding dietary habits, the multivariate analysis shows that the consumption of vegetables (ORa=0.72 [0.64–0.74]) and fish (ORa=0.74 [0.50–1.09], ORa=0.66 [0.47–0.94] respectively) are associated decreased risk of developing asthma and allergic rhinitis symptoms, while fruit consumption (ORa=0.68 [0.45–1.03]) is associated with a decrease in eczema symptoms.

This study shows that the presence of a food allergy is strongly associated with allergic diseases. Indeed, the consumption of vegetables, fruits and fish seems to have a protective effect on the occurrence of these diseases.