Cataract surgery has become the most frequent surgical procedure performed every year in Western countries. Perioperative patient circuit has to be adapted to the important medical needs and progress. Hence, a secure short circuit (SSC) for surgeries of the anterior segment of the eye under topical anaesthesia was created. Patients included in the circuit are selected first by surgeons and answer a medical questionnaire, they do not have any preoperative evaluation by anaesthesiologist, are monitored during surgery by the surgical team and in case of problem an intraoperative medical action (IMA) can be performed. We conducted a retrospective observational incidence study of the occurrence of the IMA, followed by a case control study. The primary outcome was to identify risk factors of IMA among the patients’ medical history. Out of 2744 screened patients, 1592 patients were included during the period of November 2015 to November 2017. The rate of IMA was 5%, 81% of them presenting with intraoperative high blood pressure (HBP). In the case control study part, stepwise regression analysis revealed that a history of HBP and insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD) was significantly correlated with IMA (respectively, adjusted odds ratio 1.7, P=0.005 and 2.6, P=0.002). The low incidence of IMA showed that the SSC is a safe tool thanks to a selection and an optimised and secure pathway. A history of HBP and IDD was significantly associated with the occurrence of IMA. Therefore, an optimisation of the perioperative period would be beneficial in these cases.