Rifampicin plays an important role during the treatment of tuberculosis, which makes it to be recommended throughout the regimen. The molecular target for rifampicin activity and resistance is the bacterial RNA polymerase coded by rpoB. However, it has been observed that Mycobacterium tuberculosis could use different metabolic pathways contributing to drug activity/resistance. In this sense, Proteomics analysis has been a key aspect towards the understanding of the dynamic genome expression triggered by drugs and other M. tuberculosis hostile stimuli. Herein, we aimed to report the changes in the M. tuberculosis protein profile triggered by rifampicin. The M. tuberculosis H₃₇Rv strain was submitted to 12, 24 and 48 h of rifampicin challenge, at the minimal inhibitory concentration (0.03 μg mL⁻¹), and proteins were extracted. The protein identification was carried out by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Four proteins, Ino1 (Rv0046c), FabD (Rv2243), EsxK (Rv1197) and PPE60 (Rv3478) were statistically underexpressed over 48 h of rifampicin exposure, indicating that in addition to the known activity of rifampin in transcriptional machinery in M. tuberculosis, processes related to disturbance in cell wall synthesis and lipid metabolism in the bacillus are also triggered by rifampicin contributing to bacillus death.