Surveillance of antimicrobial use (AMU), antimicrobial consumption (AMC), antimicrobial resistance (AMR), healthcare-associated infection (HAI), and AMR burden are usually measured by time-consuming and expensive multiple separate longitudinal surveys. This study aimed to investigate feasibility and benefit of integrated one-day surveillance to estimate and monitor these parameters.

Integrated one-day surveillance of AMU, AMC, AMR, HAI, and AMR burden among hospitalized patients in 183 hospitals in Thailand was conducted. Parameter data was collected for each patient who received antibiotic on a survey day.

AMU prevalence was 51.5% among 23,686 hospitalized patients. The most commonly used antibiotic for infection prophylaxis and treatment was cefazolin and ceftriaxone, respectively. The most common infection was pneumonia. Community-associated infection (CAI) was observed in 64.9%, and 34.1% had HAI. Prevalence of AMR was highest in A. baumannii infection. AMR in bacteria was more prevalent among HAI than among CAI. Consumption of all antibiotics was 18,103 defined daily doses. HAI prevalence was 14.0%. Health and economic burden were much higher in patients with antibiotic-resistant infection.

Integrated one-day surveillance of these important parameters among hospitalized patients is feasible and can be used for estimation and monitoring from the facility-level to the national-level in resource-limited settings.