Next-generation Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines for allergic rhinitis based on Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) and real-world evidence - 05/01/20
Doi : 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.06.049
Jean Bousquet, MD a, b, ⁎ 
, Holger J. Schünemann, MD c, Akdis Togias, MD d, ∗, Claus Bachert, MD e, Martina Erhola, MD f, Peter W. Hellings, MD g, Ludger Klimek, MD h, Oliver Pfaar, MD i, Dana Wallace, MD j, Ignacio Ansotegui, MD k, Ioana Agache, MD l, Anna Bedbrook, BSc a, Karl-Christian Bergmann, MD m, Mike Bewick, MD n, Philippe Bonniaud, MD o, Sinthia Bosnic-Anticevich, PhD p, Isabelle Bossé, MD q, Jacques Bouchard, MD r, Louis-Philippe Boulet, MD s, Jan Brozek, MD c, Guy Brusselle, MD t, Moises A. Calderon, MD u, Walter G. Canonica, MD v, Luis Caraballo, MD w, Vicky Cardona, MD x, Thomas Casale, MD y, Lorenzo Cecchi, MD z, Derek K. Chu, MD c, Elisio M. Costa, PhD aa, Alvaro A. Cruz, MD bb, Wienczyslawa Czarlewski, MD cc, Gennaro D'Amato, MD dd, Philippe Devillier, MD ee, ff, Mark Dykewicz, MD gg, Motohiro Ebisawa, MD hh, Jean-Louis Fauquert, MD ii, Wytske J. Fokkens, MD jj, Joao A. Fonseca, MD kk, Jean-François Fontaine, MD ll, Bilun Gemicioglu, MD mm, Roy Gerth van Wijk, MD nn, Tari Haahtela, MD oo, Susanne Halken, MD pp, Despo Ierodiakonou, MD qq, Tomohisa Iinuma, MD rr, Juan-Carlos Ivancevich, MD ss, Marek Jutel, MD tt, Igor Kaidashev, MD uu, Musa Khaitov, MD vv, Omer Kalayci, MD ww, Jorg Kleine Tebbe, MD ssss, Marek L. Kowalski, MD xx, Piotr Kuna, MD yy, Violeta Kvedariene, MD zz, Stefania La Grutta, MD aaa, Désirée Larenas-Linnemann, MD bbb, Susanne Lau, MD ccc, Daniel Laune, PhD ddd, Lan Le, MD eee, Philipp Lieberman, MD fff, Karin C. Lodrup Carlsen, MD ggg, Olga Lourenço, PhD hhh, Gert Marien, MD iii, Pedro Carreiro-Martins, MD jjj, Erik Melén, MD kkk, Enrica Menditto, PhD lll, Hugo Neffen, MD mmm, Gregoire Mercier, MD nnn, Ralph Mosgues, MD ooo, Joaquim Mullol, MD ppp, Antonella Muraro, MD qqq, Leyla Namazova, MD rrr, Ettore Novellino, PhD sss, Robyn O'Hehir, MD ttt, Yoshitaka Okamoto, MD rr, Ken Ohta, MD tttt, Hae Sim Park, MD uuu, Petr Panzner, MD vvv, Giovanni Passalacqua, MD www, Nhan Pham-Thi, MD xxx, David Price, FRCGP yyy, Graham Roberts, MD zzz, Nicolas Roche, MD aaaa, Christine Rolland, BSc bbbb, Nelson Rosario, MD cccc, Dermot Ryan, MD dddd, Boleslaw Samolinski, MD eeee, Mario Sanchez-Borges, MD ffff, Glenis K. Scadding, MD gggg, Mohamed H. Shamji, MD hhhh, Aziz Sheikh, MD iiii, Ana-Maria Todo Bom, MD jjjj, Sanna Toppila-Salmi, MD kkkk, Ioana Tsiligianni, MD qq, Marylin Valentin-Rostan, MD llll, Arunas Valiulis, MD mmmm, Erkka Valovirta, MD nnnn, Maria-Teresa Ventura, MD oooo, Samantha Walker, MD pppp, Susan Waserman, MD qqqq, Arzu Yorgancioglu, MD rrrr, Torsten Zuberbier, MD m
the
, Holger J. Schünemann, MD c, Akdis Togias, MD d, ∗, Claus Bachert, MD e, Martina Erhola, MD f, Peter W. Hellings, MD g, Ludger Klimek, MD h, Oliver Pfaar, MD i, Dana Wallace, MD j, Ignacio Ansotegui, MD k, Ioana Agache, MD l, Anna Bedbrook, BSc a, Karl-Christian Bergmann, MD m, Mike Bewick, MD n, Philippe Bonniaud, MD o, Sinthia Bosnic-Anticevich, PhD p, Isabelle Bossé, MD q, Jacques Bouchard, MD r, Louis-Philippe Boulet, MD s, Jan Brozek, MD c, Guy Brusselle, MD t, Moises A. Calderon, MD u, Walter G. Canonica, MD v, Luis Caraballo, MD w, Vicky Cardona, MD x, Thomas Casale, MD y, Lorenzo Cecchi, MD z, Derek K. Chu, MD c, Elisio M. Costa, PhD aa, Alvaro A. Cruz, MD bb, Wienczyslawa Czarlewski, MD cc, Gennaro D'Amato, MD dd, Philippe Devillier, MD ee, ff, Mark Dykewicz, MD gg, Motohiro Ebisawa, MD hh, Jean-Louis Fauquert, MD ii, Wytske J. Fokkens, MD jj, Joao A. Fonseca, MD kk, Jean-François Fontaine, MD ll, Bilun Gemicioglu, MD mm, Roy Gerth van Wijk, MD nn, Tari Haahtela, MD oo, Susanne Halken, MD pp, Despo Ierodiakonou, MD qq, Tomohisa Iinuma, MD rr, Juan-Carlos Ivancevich, MD ss, Marek Jutel, MD tt, Igor Kaidashev, MD uu, Musa Khaitov, MD vv, Omer Kalayci, MD ww, Jorg Kleine Tebbe, MD ssss, Marek L. Kowalski, MD xx, Piotr Kuna, MD yy, Violeta Kvedariene, MD zz, Stefania La Grutta, MD aaa, Désirée Larenas-Linnemann, MD bbb, Susanne Lau, MD ccc, Daniel Laune, PhD ddd, Lan Le, MD eee, Philipp Lieberman, MD fff, Karin C. Lodrup Carlsen, MD ggg, Olga Lourenço, PhD hhh, Gert Marien, MD iii, Pedro Carreiro-Martins, MD jjj, Erik Melén, MD kkk, Enrica Menditto, PhD lll, Hugo Neffen, MD mmm, Gregoire Mercier, MD nnn, Ralph Mosgues, MD ooo, Joaquim Mullol, MD ppp, Antonella Muraro, MD qqq, Leyla Namazova, MD rrr, Ettore Novellino, PhD sss, Robyn O'Hehir, MD ttt, Yoshitaka Okamoto, MD rr, Ken Ohta, MD tttt, Hae Sim Park, MD uuu, Petr Panzner, MD vvv, Giovanni Passalacqua, MD www, Nhan Pham-Thi, MD xxx, David Price, FRCGP yyy, Graham Roberts, MD zzz, Nicolas Roche, MD aaaa, Christine Rolland, BSc bbbb, Nelson Rosario, MD cccc, Dermot Ryan, MD dddd, Boleslaw Samolinski, MD eeee, Mario Sanchez-Borges, MD ffff, Glenis K. Scadding, MD gggg, Mohamed H. Shamji, MD hhhh, Aziz Sheikh, MD iiii, Ana-Maria Todo Bom, MD jjjj, Sanna Toppila-Salmi, MD kkkk, Ioana Tsiligianni, MD qq, Marylin Valentin-Rostan, MD llll, Arunas Valiulis, MD mmmm, Erkka Valovirta, MD nnnn, Maria-Teresa Ventura, MD oooo, Samantha Walker, MD pppp, Susan Waserman, MD qqqq, Arzu Yorgancioglu, MD rrrr, Torsten Zuberbier, MD mthe
Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Working Group
a MACVIA-France, Fondation Partenariale FMC VIA-LR, Montpellier, France
b VIMA, INSERM U 1168, VIMA: Ageing and chronic diseases Epidemiological and public health approaches, Villejuif, France, Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UMR-S 1168, Montigny le Bretonneux, Euforea, Brussels, Belgium and Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Comprehensive Allergy Center, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Berlin, Germany
c Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Division of Immunology and Allergy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
d Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
e Upper Airways Research Laboratory, ENT Department, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
f National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
g Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospitals Leuven, and Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Euforea, Brussels, Belgium
h Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany
i Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Rhinology and Allergy, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
j Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Fla
k Department of Allergy and Immunology, Hospital Quirónsalud Bizkaia, Erandio, Spain
l Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania
m Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Uniersität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Comprehensive Allergy-Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, member of GA2LEN, Berlin, Germany
n iQ4U Consultants, London, United Kingdom
o CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
p Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and Woolcock Emphysema Centre and Sydney Local Health District, Glebe, Australia
q Allergist, La Rochelle, France
r Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
s Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
t Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
u Imperial College London–National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton Hospital NHS, London, United Kingdom
v Personalized Medicine Clinic Asthma & Allergy, Humanitas University, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
w Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Campus de Zaragocilla, Edificio Biblioteca Primer Piso, and the Foundation for the Development of Medical and Biological Sciences (Fundemeb), Cartagena, Colombia
x Allergy Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Vall d'Hebron & ARADyAL research network, Barcelona, Spain
y the Division of Allergy/Immunology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla
z SOS Allergology and Clinical Immunology, USL Toscana Centro, Prato, Italy
aa UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Competence Center on Active and Healthy Ageing of University of Porto (AgeUPNetWork), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
bb ProAR–Nucleo de Excelencia em Asma, Federal University of Bahia, and the WHO GARD Planning Group, Bahia, Brazil
cc Medical Consulting Czarlewski, Levallois, France
dd Division of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Hospital “A Cardarelli”, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
ee UPRES EA220, Pôle des Maladies des Voies Respiratoires, Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay, Suresnes, France
ff Allergy and Clinical Immunology Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
gg Section of Allergy and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
hh Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
ii Unité de pneumo-allergologie de l'enfant, pôle pédiatrique Pr-Labbé, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand-Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
jj Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
kk CINTESIS, Center for Research in Health Technology and Information Systems, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, and Medida, Porto, Portugal
ll Allergist, Reims, France
mm Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
nn Department of Internal Medicine, section of Allergology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
oo Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
pp Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
qq Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete and International Primary Care Respiratory Group, Crete, Greece
rr Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
ss Servicio de Alergia e Immunologia, Clinica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, Argentina
tt Department of Clinical Immunology, Wrocław Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
uu Ukrainina Medical Stomatological Academy, Poltava, Ukraine
vv National Research Center, Institute of Immunology, Federal Medicobiological Agency, Laboratory of Molecular immunology, Moscow, Russia
ww Pediatric Allergy and Asthma Unit, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
xx Department of Immunology and Allergy, Healthy Ageing Research Center, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
yy Division of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
zz Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University and Institute of Clinical medicine, Clinic of Chest diseases and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
aaa Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
bbb Center of Excellence in Asthma and Allergy, Médica Sur Clinical Foundation and Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
ccc Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Immunology and Intensive Care, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
ddd KYomed INNOV, Montpellier, France
eee University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
fff Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics (Divisions of Allergy and Immunology), University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Germantown, Tenn
ggg Oslo University Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, Oslo, and University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
hhh Faculty of Health Sciences and CICS–UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
iii Euforea, Brussels, Belgium
jjj Hospital de Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, EPE, Lisbon, and Nova Medical School, CEDOC, Integrated Pathophysiological Mechanisms Research Group, Lisbon, Portugal
kkk Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm and Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
lll CIRFF, Center of Pharmacoeconomics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
mmm Center of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Diseases, Santa Fe, and the Center for Allergy and Immunology, Santa Fe, Argentina
nnn Unité Médico-Economie, Département de l'Information Médicale, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
ooo Institute of Medical Statistics, and Computational Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, and Clinical Research International, Hamburg, Germany
ppp Rhinology Unit & Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, and Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
qqq Food Allergy Referral Centre Veneto Region, Department of Women and Child Health, Padua General University Hospital, Padua, Italy
rrr Scientific Centre of Children's Health under the MoH, Moscow, and Russian National Research Medical University named Pirogov, Moscow, Russia
sss Department of Pharmacy of University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
ttt Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, and the Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
uuu Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
vvv Department of Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
www Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Ospedale Policlino San Martino–University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
xxx Allergy Department, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
yyy Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore
zzz David Hide Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Isle of Wight, and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
aaaa Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris, and Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
bbbb Association Asthme et Allergie, Paris, France
cccc Hospital de Clinicas, University of Parana, Parana, Brazil
dddd Allergy and Respiratory Research Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
eeee Department of Prevention of Envinronmental Hazards and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
ffff Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Centro Medico-Docente La Trinidad, Caracas, Venezuela
gggg Royal National TNE Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
hhhh Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group and Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
iiii Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
jjjj Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
kkkk Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
llll Allergist, Montevideo, Uruguay
mmmm Vilnius University Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Children's Diseases, and Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Vilnius, Mexico, and the European Academy of Paediatrics (EAP/UEMS-SP), Brussels, Belgium
nnnn Department of Lung Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Turku and Terveystalo Allergy Clinic, Turku, Finland
oooo University of Bari Medical School, Unit of Geriatric Immunoallergology, Bari, Italy
pppp Asthma UK, London, United Kingdom
qqqq Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Allergy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
rrrr Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa, Turkey
ssss Allergy & Asthma Center Westend, Outpatient & Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
tttt National Hospital Organization, Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
∗Corresponding author: Jean Bousquet, MD, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, 371 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve371 Avenue du Doyen Gaston GiraudMontpellier Cedex 534295France
Abstract |
The selection of pharmacotherapy for patients with allergic rhinitis aims to control the disease and depends on many factors. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines have considerably improved the treatment of allergic rhinitis. However, there is an increasing trend toward use of real-world evidence to inform clinical practice, especially because randomized controlled trials are often limited with regard to the applicability of results. The Contre les Maladies Chroniques pour un Vieillissement Actif (MACVIA) algorithm has proposed an allergic rhinitis treatment by a consensus group. This simple algorithm can be used to step up or step down allergic rhinitis treatment. Next-generation guidelines for the pharmacologic treatment of allergic rhinitis were developed by using existing GRADE-based guidelines for the disease, real-world evidence provided by mobile technology, and additive studies (allergen chamber studies) to refine the MACVIA algorithm.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Key words : Allergic rhinitis, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma, Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation, guidelines, real-world evidence
Abbreviations used : ARIA, GRADE, ICP, INCS, MACVIA, MASK, mHealth, MPAzeFlu, MPR, PDC, RWE, VAS, WHO
Plan
| Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: J. Bousquet reports personal fees and other support from Chiesi, Cipla, Hikma, Menarini, Mundipharma, Mylan, Novartis, Sanofi-Aventis, Takeda, Teva, and Uriach and other support from KYomed INNOV outside the submitted work. C. Bachert reports fees from ALK-Abelló, Mylan, Stallergenes, Novartis, Sanofi, GlaxoSmithKline, and Astra Zeneca outside the submitted work. P. W. Hellings reports grants and personal fees from Mylan during the conduct of the study and personal fees from Sanofi, Allergopharma, and Stallergenes outside the submitted work. D. Wallace reports and indicates that she is the cochair of the Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters, a task force composed of 12 members of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology and the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. I. Ansotegui reports personal fees from Mundipharma, Roxall, Sanofi, MSD, Faes Farma, Hikma, UCB, and AstraZeneca outside the submitted work. S. Bosnic Anticevich reports grants from TEVA and personal fees from TEVA, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi, and Mylan outside the submitted work. L. P. Boulet reports research grants for participation in multicentre studies from AIM Therapeutics, Amgen, Asmacure, AstraZeneca, Axikin, GlaxoSmithKline, Hoffman La Roche, Novartis, Ono Pharma, Sanofi, and Takeda; support for research projects introduced by the investigator from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, and Takeda; support for consulting and advisory boards from AstraZeneca, Novartis, and Methapharm; royalties as a coauthor of “UpToDate” (occupational asthma); nonprofit grants for production of educational materials from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck Frosst, and Novartis; conference fees from AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, and Novartis; and support for participation in conferences and meetings from Novartis and Takeda and has served as past president and member of the Canadian Thoracic Society Respiratory Guidelines Committee; Chair of the Board of Directors of the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA); Chair of the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) Guidelines Dissemination and Implementation Committee; Laval University Chair on Knowledge Transfer, Prevention and Education in Respiratory and Cardiovascular Health; members of scientific committees for the American College of Chest Physicians, American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society, and World Allergy Organization; and 1st Vice-President of the Global Asthma Organization INTERASMA outside the submitted work. M. A. Calderon reports personal fees (advisory and/or lecture honorarium) from ALK-Abelló, ALK-US, Stallergenes Greer, HAL-Allergy, Allergopharma, and ASIT Biotech outside the submitted work. L. Cecchi reports personal fees from Menarini and Malesci and personal fees and nonfinancial support from ALK-Abelló outside the submitted work. P. Devillier reports fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, Stallergenes Greer, ALK-Abelló, Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, Chiesi, Menarini, Unither, IQVIA, Yslab, and Top Pharm outside the submitted work. T. Haahtela reports lecturing fees from Mundipharma and Orion Pharma during the conduct of the study. S. Halken reports other from ALK-Abelló outside the submitted work. J. C. Ivancevich reports personal fees from Faes Farma and Eurofarma Argentina, other support from Laboratorios Casasco, and personal fees and other support from Sanofi outside the submitted work. J. Kleine Tebbe reports personal fees from AllergenOnline, Allergy Therapeutics, Allergopharma, Bencard, HAL Allergy, Dr Pfleger, Lofarma, Merck US, AstraZeneca, Sanofi Genentech, Stallergenes-Greer, Thieme Publishers, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Springer International Publishers, InfectoPharm, LETI, and GlaxoSmithKline; grants and personal fees from ALK-Abelló and Novartis; and nonfinancial support from WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Subcommittee outside the submitted work. S. Lau reports personal fees from DBV, personal fees from Allergopharma, grants and personal fees from ALK-Abelló, and personal fees from Sanofi-Genzyme outside the submitted work. R. Mosgues reports personal fees from ALK-Abelló, Allergopharma, Allergy Therapeutics, Friulchem, Hexal, Servier, FAES, Klosterfrau, Bayer, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson&Johnson, Meda, Stada, UCB, Nuvo, Menarini Mundipharma, Pohl-Boskamp, from Hikma; grants and personal fees from Bencard and Stallergenes; grants from Leti, Optima, BitopAG, Hulka, and Ursapharm; personal fees and nonfinancial support from Lofarma and Novartis; and nonfinancial support from Roxall, Atmos, Bionorica, Otonomy, and Ferrero outside the submitted work. Y. Okamoto reports personal fees from Shionogi, Torii, GlaxoSmithKline, and MSD; grants and personal fees from Kyorin, Kyowa, and Eizai; grants and personal fees from Tiho; grants from Yakuruto and Yamada Bee Farm; and grants from ASIT Biotech. D. Price reports grants from AKL Research and Development, the British Lung Foundation, and UK National Health Service; personal fees from Amgen, Cipla, GlaxoSmithKline, Kyorin, and Merck; grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Circassia, Mylan, Mundipharma, Napp, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, the Respiratory Effectiveness Group, Sanofi Genzyme, Teva, Theravance, and Zentiva (Sanofi Generics); nonfinancial support from the Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation Programme and Health Technology Assessment outside the submitted work; and stock/stock options from AKL Research and Development, which produces phytopharmaceuticals and holds ownership of 74% of the social enterprise Optimum Patient Care (Australia and UK) and 74% of Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute (Singapore). M. H. Shamji reports grants from ALK-Abelló, Regeneron, Merck, and the Immune Tolerance Network; personal fees from ASIT Biotech and Allergopharma; and grants and personal fees from ALK-Abelló outside the submitted work. A. Todo Bom reports grants and personal fees from Novartis, Mundipharma, GlaxoSmithKline, and Teva Pharma; personal fees from AstraZeneca; and grants from Boehringer Ingelheim, Sanofi, and Leti outside the submitted work. I. Tsiligianni reports personal fees from honoraria for educational activities, speaking engagements, and advisory boards from Boehringer Ingelheim and Novartis and a grant from GlaxoSmithKline outside the submitted work. S. Waserman reports other support from CSL Behring, Shire, AstraZeneca, Teva, Meda, Merck, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Pediapharm, Aralez, Sanofi, and Stallergenes outside the submitted work. T. Zuberbier reports organizational affiliation with the WHO initiative Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma and is a member of the board of the German Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI); serves as head of the European Centre for Allergy Research Foundation (ECARF), Secretary General: Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN); and is a member of the Committee on Allergy Diagnosis and Molecular Allergology, World Allergy Organization (WAO). The rest of the authors declare that they have no relevant conflicts of interest. |
© 2019
American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Tous droits réservés.
Vol 145 - N° 1
P. 70 - janvier 2020 Retour au numéro
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