There are few published studies on total femur replacement (TFR) because its indications are rare. Other than malignant diseases, the indications extend to revisions and interprosthetic femur fractures; however, the outcomes of these indications have not been well defined. The aim of this retrospective survey was to analyze the complication rate and functional outcomes of these newer indications.

The morbidity and outcomes after TFR are comparable to those reported in the literature for non-cancer indications.

Between 1997 and 2016, 29 TFR procedures were done at 6 French teaching hospitals in 15 women and 14 men, average age 68±14 years [32–85]. The primary indication was degenerative joint disease in the hip and/or knee in 16 cases, mechanical failure of the implant used after tumor resection in 11 cases and femur fracture in 2 cases. The mean number of surgical procedures before TFR was 3.6 (maximum 5) at the hip and 4.5 (maximum 10) at the knee. Six different models were implanted consisting of a rotational hinge knee (except in one case); 20 patients received a dual mobility system and 9 a standard hip replacement bearing. The femoral shaft was partially conserved 21/29 times and the trochanter 25/29 times.

Five patients suffered a general complication and 12 suffered a local complication (including 4 hematomas and 2 hip dislocations). Eight patients (28.6%) suffered a surgical site infection, although three had a prior infection. Among the 12 patients with a history of infection or progressive infection before the TFR, 9 healed and 3 had the infection continue. At a minimum follow-up of 2 years and mean of 6 years, 23 TFR implants were still in place and not infected; the other 6 had been removed or were infected, including one patient who underwent disarticulation. The median survival of the non-infected TFR was 15 years. At 10 years, 70% of TFR implants were still in place and non-infected.

Walking was possible with or without a cane in 15 patients (51.7%), with two canes or a walker in 12 patients (41.3%) and impossible in 2 patients. Active knee flexion averaged 79.4°±30.3° [0°–120°]; 17 patients (62.9%) had 90° or more flexion; two patients (7.4%) had no flexion. The extension deficit averaged 3.7°±7°[−20° to 10°] and 20 patients had no flexion deformity. The leg length difference averaged 1.3cm±2.3 [0–10]; 19 patients (67.8%) had no difference in leg length.

Our starting hypothesis was confirmed for the complication rate and clinical outcomes. The benefits of dual mobility cups are emphasized. While the indications for TFR are rare, they will likely increase in the coming years.

Level of evidence: IV, Retrospective cohort study…