Guidelines for Performing a Comprehensive Transthoracic Echocardiographic Examination in Adults: Recommendations from the American Society of Echocardiography - 03/01/19

Doi : 10.1016/j.echo.2018.06.004

Carol Mitchell, PhD, ACS, RDMS, RDCS, RVT, RT(R), FASE ^a : Co-Chair, Peter S. Rahko, MD, FASE ^a : Co-Chair, Lori A. Blauwet, MD, FASE ^b, Barry Canaday, RN, MS, RDCS, RCS, FASE ^c, Joshua A. Finstuen, MA, RT(R), RDCS, FASE ^b, Michael C. Foster, BA, RCS, RCCS, RDCS, FASE ^d, Kenneth Horton, ACS, RCS, FASE ^e, Kofo O. Ogunyankin, MD, FASE ^f, Richard A. Palma, BS, RDCS, RCS, ACS, FASE ^g, Eric J. Velazquez, MD, FASE ^d
^a University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
^b Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
^c Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, Oregon
^d Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
^e Intermountain Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
^f First Cardiology Consultants Hospital, Ikoyi, Lagos, Nigeria
^g St. Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut

Keywords : Transthoracic echocardiography, Doppler echocardiography, Color Doppler echocardiography, Comprehensive examination, Protocol

Abbreviations : 2D, 3C, 3D, 4C, 5C, A2C, A4C, Abd Ao, ALPap, AMVL, Ao, AR, Asc Ao, ASE, AV, CDI, CS, CW, Desc Ao, DTI, HPRF, Hvns, IAS, Innom a, IVC, IVS, LA, LCC, LCCA, L innom vn, LSA, LV, LVIDd, LVIDs, LVOT, LVPW, MPA, MR, MS, MV, NCC, PA, PFO, PLAX, PMPap, PMVL, PR, PRF, PSAX, Pulvn, PV, PW, RA, RCA, RCC, R innom vn, ROI, RPS, RV, RVIDd, RVOT, SC, SoVAo, SSN, STJ, SVC, TAPSE, TGC, TR, TTE, TV, UEA, VTI

	This document is endorsed by the following American Society of Echocardiography International Alliance Partners: the Cardiovascular Imaging Department of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology, the Chinese Society of Echocardiography, the Indian Academy of Echocardiography, the Japanese Society of Echocardiography, the InterAmerican Association of Echocardiography, the Italian Association of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesiologists.
	The following authors reported no actual or potential conflicts of interest in relation to this document: Peter S. Rahko, MD, FASE, Lori A. Blauwet, MD, FASE, Barry Canaday, RN, MS, RDCS, RCS, FASE, Joshua A. Finstuen, MA, RT(R), RDCS, FASE, Michael C. Foster, BA, RCS, RCCS, RDCS, FASE, Kenneth Horton, ACS, RCS, FASE, Kofo O. Ogunyankin, MD, FASE. The following authors reported relationships with one or more commercial interests: Carol Mitchell, PhD, ACS, RDMS, RDCS, RVT, RT(R), FASE, authored a textbook for Davies Publishing Inc., and authorship with royalties for Elsevier and Wolters-Kluwer. Richard A. Palma, BS, RDCS, RCS, ACS, FASE, has served on the speakers bureau for Lantheus Medical Imaging and as a faculty speaker for Gulf Coast Ultrasound. Eric J. Velazquez, MD, FASE, received cardiovascular research grants from the National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Amgen, General Electric, Novartis Pharmaceutical, and Pfizer and has served as a consultant for ABIOMED, Amgen, Merck, New Century Health, Novartis Pharmaceutical, and Philips Ultrasound.
	^∗ Reprint requests: American Society of Echocardiography, Meridian Corporate Center, 2530 Meridian Parkway, Suite 450, Durham, NC 27713 (E-mail: ase@asecho.org).

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