Epigenetic mechanisms regulating T-cell responses - 06/09/18
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Abstract |
During the last decade, advances in sequencing technologies allowed production of a wealth of information on epigenetic modifications in T cells. Epigenome maps, in combination with mechanistic studies, have demonstrated that T cells undergo extensive epigenome remodeling in response to signals, which has a strong effect on phenotypic stability and function of lymphocytes. In this review we focus on DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin structure as important epigenetic mechanisms involved in controlling T-cell responses. In particular, we discuss epigenetic processes in light of the development, activation, and differentiation of CD4+ T helper (TH), regulatory T, and CD8+ T cells. As central aspects of the adaptive immune system, we review mechanisms that ensure molecular memory, stability, plasticity, and exhaustion of T cells. We further discuss the effect of the tissue environment on imprinting T-cell epigenomes with potential implications for immunotherapy.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Key words : Epigenetics, gene regulation, enhancer, promoter, chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, DNA methylation, transcription factor binding, T-cell development, T-cell function, T-cell exhaustion, regulatory T cells, tissue specificity
Abbreviations used : ATAC, BATF, CNS, CTL, CTLA-4, DMR, DN, DNMT, DP, EZH2, FOXP3, GITR, HDAC, H3K27ac, H3K4me1, H3K4me3, Ikzf2, IRF4, LCR, PD-1, ROR, STAT, T-bet, TCF1, Tconv, TCR, TF, TFH, TIL, Treg, WGBS
Plan
Supported by grants from the European Research Council (ERC-CoG, #648145 REGiREG to M.F.) and the German Research Foundation (DFG) SFB/Transregio 221-B8 to M.F. and SFB738-C7 to J.H. |
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Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no relevant conflicts of interest. |
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Terms in boldface and italics are detailed in the glossary on page 729. |
Vol 142 - N° 3
P. 728-743 - septembre 2018 Retour au numéroBienvenue sur EM-consulte, la référence des professionnels de santé.
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