Associations between infant fungal and bacterial dysbiosis and childhood atopic wheeze in a nonindustrialized setting - 04/08/18
Abstract |
Background |
Asthma is the most prevalent chronic disease of childhood. Recently, we identified a critical window early in the life of both mice and Canadian infants during which gut microbial changes (dysbiosis) affect asthma development. Given geographic differences in human gut microbiota worldwide, we studied the effects of gut microbial dysbiosis on atopic wheeze in a population living in a distinct developing world environment.
Objective |
We sought to determine whether microbial alterations in early infancy are associated with the development of atopic wheeze in a nonindustrialized setting.
Methods |
We conducted a case-control study nested within a birth cohort from rural Ecuador in which we identified 27 children with atopic wheeze and 70 healthy control subjects at 5 years of age. We analyzed bacterial and eukaryotic gut microbiota in stool samples collected at 3 months of age using 16S and 18S sequencing. Bacterial metagenomes were predicted from 16S rRNA data by using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States and categorized by function with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes ontology. Concentrations of fecal short-chain fatty acids were determined by using gas chromatography.
Results |
As previously observed in Canadian infants, microbial dysbiosis at 3 months of age was associated with later development of atopic wheeze. However, the dysbiosis in Ecuadorian babies involved different bacterial taxa, was more pronounced, and also involved several fungal taxa. Predicted metagenomic analysis emphasized significant dysbiosis-associated differences in genes involved in carbohydrate and taurine metabolism. Levels of the fecal short-chain fatty acids acetate and caproate were reduced and increased, respectively, in the 3-month stool samples of children who went on to have atopic wheeze.
Conclusions |
Our findings support the importance of fungal and bacterial microbiota during the first 100 days of life on the development of atopic wheeze and provide additional support for considering modulation of the gut microbiome as a primary asthma prevention strategy.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Graphical abstract |
Key words : Asthma, atopy, wheeze, gut microbiome, mycobiome, short-chain fatty acids, nonindustrialized setting
Abbreviations used : AW, CHILD, MaAsLin, MED, OTU, PICRUSt, qPCR, SCFA
Plan
| Supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) and Allergen grants to BFF and the ECUAVIDA cohort by the Wellcome Trust (grant 088862/Z/09/Z). L.T.S. is supported on a T32 Training Grant from the National Institutes of Health (5T32CA009142-37). |
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| Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: M.-C. Arrieta has received a grant from Allergen Canada and the Canadian Institute for Health Research and is employed by the University of Calgary. L. Stiemsma has received grants from the UBC Four Year Fellowship and the National Institutes of Health (T32CA009142), is employed by the University of California Los Angeles, has received royalties from PCT/CA2016/000065 “Bacterial Compositions and Methods of Use Thereof,” and has received travel support from AllerGen Networks Centres of Excellence Travel Award. E. Morien has received a grant from Human Frontiers in Science program (RGY0078/2015). M. Jin is employed as a visiting professor at the University of Alberta. L. W. Parfrey has received a grant from the Human Frontiers in Science program (RGY0078/2015) and has received travel support from the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Dalhousie University, and the Human Frontiers in Science Program. P. Cooper has received a grant from the Wellcome Trust and is employed by St George's University of London. B. Finlay has received grants from Allergen, the Canadian Institute for Health Research, and the Gates Foundation; has a board membership with Microbiome Insights; has consultant arrangements with Commense and Vedanta; and is employed by the University of British Columbia. The rest of the authors declare that they have no relevant conflicts of interest. |
Vol 142 - N° 2
P. 424 - août 2018 Retour au numéro
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