Both the rapidly progressive Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and the slowly progressive neuromuscular diseases (SP-NMDs) are associated with loss of skeletal muscle, gain of excess body fat, and changes in energy metabolism and physical activity over time. This article reviews several nutritional techniques and their adequacy in monitoring changes in the nutrtional status of these individuals as the diseases progress. In addition, nutritional interventions which aim to counteract the effects of the disease process and increase the quality of life in individuals with DMD are reviewed. Finally, new research on physical activity and body composition, and the potential for development of secondary chronic diseases in individuals with SP-NMD are discussed.