Computer-assisted surgery (CAS) has evolved over time from its earliest introduction with utility in the Neurosurgical field. Within the past twenty years, optical navigation systems have emerged and developed into a great tool for the fields of dentistry and craniomaxillofacial surgery (CMF). Currently, CAS is useful for orthognathic and temporomandibular joint surgery, facial trauma, maxillomandibular reconstruction, implantology, and restorative dentistry. This article describes the indications of CAS in dentistry, with large emphasis on CMF. We will review the process, benefits as well as shortcomings, and end with a discussion on the future of CAS.