Youth Screen Media Habits and Sleep : Sleep-Friendly Screen Behavior Recommendations for Clinicians, Educators, and Parents - 24/04/18

Doi : 10.1016/j.chc.2017.11.014

Lauren Hale, PhD ^a,^⁎ , Gregory W. Kirschen, PhD ^b, Monique K. LeBourgeois, PhD ^c, Michael Gradisar, PhD ^d, Michelle M. Garrison, PhD ^e,^f, Hawley Montgomery-Downs, PhD ^g, Howard Kirschen, MD ^h, Susan M. McHale, PhD ⁱ, Anne-Marie Chang, PhD ^j,^k, Orfeu M. Buxton, PhD ^j,^l,^m,ⁿ
^a Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook Medicine, HSC Level 3, Room 071, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8338, USA
^b Medical Scientist Training Program, Stony Brook Medicine, HSC Level 3, Room 071, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8338, USA
^c Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0354, USA
^d Department of Psychology, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, South Australia
^e Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Washington School of Medicine, 4333 Brooklyn Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98195-9455, USA
^f Department of Health Services, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
^g Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, PO Box 6040, 53 Campus Drive, 1124 LSB, Morgantown, WV 26506-6040, USA
^h Child, Adolescent, Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Private Practice, 366 N Broadway Street 210, Jericho, NY 11753, USA
ⁱ Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, 114 Henderson, University Park, PA 16802, USA
^j Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
^k College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, Nursing Sciences Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
^l Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
^m Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Sleep Health Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
ⁿ Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA

^∗Corresponding author.

Résumé

With the widespread use of portable electronic devices and the normalization of screen media devices in the bedroom, insufficient sleep has become commonplace. In a recent literature review, 90% of included studies found an association between screen media use and delayed bedtime and/or decreased total sleep time. This pervasive phenomenon of pediatric sleep loss has widespread implications. There is a need for basic, translational, and clinical research examining the effects of screen media on sleep loss and health consequences in children and adolescents to educate and motivate clinicians, teachers, parents and youth themselves to foster healthy sleep habits.

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Keywords : Youth, Screen media habits, Sleep, Screen behavior recommendations

Plan

Key points

Introduction

Sleep requirements for children and adolescents

Consequences of Insufficient Sleep for Cognitive, Psychological, and Physical Well-Being

What are the bedtime screen habits of infants, children, and adolescents?

Screen media, especially near bedtime, is adversely associated with sleep time and quantity

Mechanisms through which screens affect sleep

Time Displacement of Sleep

Psychological Stimulation from Media Content Disrupting Sleep

Effects of Light-Emitting Screens on Child and Adolescent Sleep

Internet and video game addiction and sleep

Moderating factors

Interventions, policies, and strategies designed to improve child and adolescent sleep

Clinician’s perspective

Recommendations for clinicians, educators, and parents

Future directions

Disclosures: Authors on this paper were supported in part by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under award numbers R01HD073352 (supporting Dr L. Hale, Dr A.M. Chang, G.W. Kirschen, and Dr O.M. Buxton), R01HD087707 (supporting Dr M.K. LeBourgeois), and R01HD071937 (supporting Dr M.M. Garrison). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Outside of the current work, Dr O.M. Buxton received subcontracts from Mobile Sleep Technologies for National Science Foundation award 1622766 and NIH/National Institute on Aging (NIA) R43AG056250. Dr M. Gradisar has received consultancies from Johnson & Johnson, the Australian Psychological Society, the National Health & Medical Research Council, Access Macquarie, and Little Brown Book Company.