Exercise and Sinonasal Disease - 09/04/18

Doi : 10.1016/j.iac.2018.01.014

Brecht Steelant, PhD ^a, Valerie Hox, MD, PhD ^b, Peter W. Hellings, MD, PhD ^a,^c, Dominique M. Bullens, MD, PhD ^d,^e, Sven F. Seys, PhD ^a,^⁎
^a Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 811, Leuven 3000, Belgium
^b Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Hippocrateslaan 10, 1200 Sint-Lambrechts-Woluwe, Brussels, Belgium
^c Clinical Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, UZ Leuven, Kapucijnevoer 33, Leuven 3000, Belgium
^d Paediatric Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 811, Leuven 3000, Belgium
^e Clinical Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 811, Leuven 3000, Belgium

^∗Corresponding author. Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 811, Leuven 3000, Belgium.Laboratory of Clinical ImmunologyDepartment of Microbiology and ImmunologyKU LeuvenHerestraat 49Box 811Leuven3000Belgium

Résumé

Physical exercise requires proper function of the upper and lower airways in order to meet exertional ventilatory requirements. Athletes performing frequent intensive exercise experience more sino-nasal symptoms and demonstrate objective decreases in sino-nasal function when compared with the general population. Sino-nasal dysfunction is known to interfere with sport performance. Nasal epithelial injury, neutrophilic influx, and decreased mucociliary clearance have been associated with intensive training. In this review, the authors provide a comprehensive overview of the prevalence of sino-nasal disease in athletes, the possible underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms, and a summary of diagnostic and treatment options.

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Keywords : Rhinitis, Chronic rhinosinusitis, Nasal hyperreactivity, Nasal obstruction, Exercise-induced rhinitis, Upper airway disease