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Extended-pulsed fidaxomicin versus vancomycin for Clostridium difficile infection in patients 60 years and older (EXTEND): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3b/4 trial - 23/02/18

Doi : 10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30751-X 
Benoit Guery, ProfMD a, , Francesco Menichetti, ProfMD b, Veli-Jukka Anttila, MD c, Nicholas Adomakoh, MBBS d, Jose Maria Aguado, ProfMD e, Karen Bisnauthsing, BSc f, Areti Georgopali, MD d, Simon D Goldenberg, MD f, Andreas Karas, MD d, Gbenga Kazeem, PhD d, Chris Longshaw, PhD d, Jose Alejandro Palacios-Fabrega, PhD d, Oliver A Cornely, ProfMD g, Maria J G T Vehreschild, MD h
for the

EXTEND Clinical Study Group

  Members listed in the Supplementary Material

a Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland 
b Infectious Diseases Unit, Cisanello Hospital, Pisa, Italy 
c Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland 
d Astellas Pharma, Chertsey, Surrey, UK 
e Instituto de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain 
f King’s College London and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK 
g Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Clinical Trials Centre Cologne, ZKS Köln, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany 
h Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne and German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany 

* Correspondence to: Prof Benoit Guery, Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland Correspondence to: Prof Benoit Guery, Infectious Diseases Service Department of Medicine University Hospital and University of Lausanne Lausanne 1011 Switzerland

Summary

Background

Clostridium difficile infection causes severe complications and frequently recurs. An extended-pulsed fidaxomicin regimen might facilitate sustained clinical cure by prolonging C difficile suppression and supporting gut microbiota recovery. We aimed to compare clinical outcomes of extended-pulsed fidaxomicin with standard vancomycin.

Methods

In this randomised, controlled, open-label, superiority study, we recruited hospitalised adults aged 60 years and older with confirmed C difficile infection at 86 European hospitals. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) using an interactive web response system to receive extended-pulsed fidaxomicin (200 mg oral tablets, twice daily on days 1–5, then once daily on alternate days on days 7–25) or vancomycin (125 mg oral capsules, four times daily on days 1–10), stratified by baseline C difficile infection severity, cancer presence, age (≥75 years vs <75 years), and number of previous C difficile infection occurrences. The primary endpoint was sustained clinical cure 30 days after end of treatment (day 55 for extended-pulsed fidaxomicin and day 40 for vancomycin), assessed in all randomised patients who met the inclusion criteria and received at least one dose of study medication (modified full analysis set). Adverse events were assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of study drug. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02254967.

Findings

Between Nov 6, 2014, and May 5, 2016, 364 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive extended-pulsed fidaxomicin or vancomycin. 362 patients received at least one dose of study medication (181 in each group). 124 (70%) of 177 patients in the modified full analysis set receiving extended-pulsed fidaxomicin achieved sustained clinical cure 30 days after end of treatment, compared with 106 (59%) of 179 patients receiving vancomycin (difference 11% [95% CI 1·0–20·7], p=0·030; odds ratio 1·62 [95% CI 1·04–2·54]). Incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events did not differ between extended-pulsed fidaxomicin (121 [67%] of 181) and vancomycin (128 [71%] of 181) treatment arms. One death in the vancomycin arm was considered by the investigator to be related to study drug.

Interpretation

Extended-pulsed fidaxomicin was superior to standard-dose vancomycin for sustained cure of C difficile infection, and, to our knowledge, extended-pulsed fidaxomicin recurrence rates in this study are the lowest observed in a randomised clinical trial of antibiotic treatment for C difficile infection.

Funding

Astellas Pharma, Inc.

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Vol 18 - N° 3

P. 296-307 - mars 2018 Retour au numéro
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