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Shared Decisionmaking in the Emergency Department: A Guiding Framework for Clinicians - 01/11/17

Doi : 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.03.063 
Marc A. Probst, MD, MS a, , Hemal K. Kanzaria, MD, MS b, Elizabeth M. Schoenfeld, MD c, Michael D. Menchine, MD, MPH d, Maggie Breslin, MDes e, Cheryl Walsh, Edward R. Melnick, MD; MHS f, Erik P. Hess, MD, MSc g
a Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 
b Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA 
c Department of Emergency Medicine, Baystate Medical Center/Tufts School of Medicine, Springfield, MA 
d Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Southern California/Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 
e School of Visual Arts, New York, NY 
f Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 
g Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 

Corresponding Author.

Abstract

Shared decisionmaking has been proposed as a method to promote active engagement of patients in emergency care decisions. Despite the recent attention shared decisionmaking has received in the emergency medicine community, including being the topic of the 2016 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference, misconceptions remain in regard to the precise meaning of the term, the process, and the conditions under which it is most likely to be valuable. With the help of a patient representative and an interaction designer, we developed a simple framework to illustrate how shared decisionmaking should be approached in clinical practice. We believe it should be the preferred or default approach to decisionmaking, except in clinical situations in which 3 factors interfere. These 3 factors are lack of clinical uncertainty or equipoise, patient decisionmaking ability, and time, all of which can render shared decisionmaking infeasible. Clinical equipoise refers to scenarios in which there are 2 or more medically reasonable management options. Patient decisionmaking ability refers to a patient’s capacity and willingness to participate in his or her emergency care decisions. Time refers to the acuity of the clinical situation (which may require immediate action) and the time that the clinician has to devote to the shared decisionmaking conversation. In scenarios in which there is only one medically reasonable management option, informed consent is indicated, with compassionate persuasion used as appropriate. If time or patient capacity is lacking, physician-directed decisionmaking will occur. With this framework as the foundation, we discuss the process of shared decisionmaking and how it can be used in practice. Finally, we highlight 5 common misconceptions in regard to shared decisionmaking in the ED. With an improved understanding of shared decisionmaking, this approach should be used to facilitate the provision of high-quality, patient-centered emergency care.

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 Supervising editor: Robert L. Wears, MD, PhD
 Authorship: All authors attest to meeting the four ICMJE.org authorship criteria: (1) Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; AND (2) Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; AND (3) Final approval of the version to be published; AND (4) Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
 Funding and support: By Annals policy, all authors are required to disclose any and all commercial, financial, and other relationships in any way related to the subject of this article as per ICMJE conflict of interest guidelines (see www.icmje.org/). Dr. Probst is supported by grant K23HL032052 from the National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Dr. Melnick is supported by grant K08HS021271 from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Dr. Schoenfeld is supported by grant R03HS024311 from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Dr. Hess is supported by contract 0876 from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute. Dr. Kanzaria has been a consultant for RAND Health and Castlight Health.
 A podcast for this article is available at www.annemergmed.com.


© 2017  American College of Emergency Physicians. Publié par Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits réservés.
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Vol 70 - N° 5

P. 688-695 - novembre 2017 Retour au numéro
Article précédent Article précédent
  • Emergency Physician Use of Cognitive Strategies to Manage Interruptions
  • Raj M. Ratwani, Allan Fong, Josh S. Puthumana, Aaron Z. Hettinger
| Article suivant Article suivant
  • Refusal of Emergency Medical Treatment: Case Studies and Ethical Foundations
  • Catherine A. Marco, Jay M. Brenner, Chadd K. Kraus, Norine A. McGrath, Arthur R. Derse, ACEP Ethics Committee

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