After a trauma, the conductive ossicular chain may be disrupted by ossicular luxation or fracture. Recent developments in 3D-CT allow a better understanding of ossicular injuries. In this retrospective study, we compared patients with post-traumatic conductive hearing loss (CHL) with those referred without CHL to evaluate the relationship between ossicular injuries and CHL. We also assessed the added value of 3D reconstructions on 2D-CT scan to detect ossicular lesions in patients surgically managed.

The CT scans were performed using a 40-section spiral CT scanner in 49 patients with post-traumatic CHL (n=29) and without CHL (n=20). Three radiologists performed independent blind evaluations of 2D-CT and 3D reconstructions to detect ossicular chain injury. We used the t-test to explore differences regarding the number of subjects with ossicular injury in the two groups. We also estimated the diagnostic accuracy and the inter-rater agreement of the 3D-CT reconstructions associated to 2D-CT scan.

We identified ossicular abnormality in 14 patients out of 29 and in one patient out of 20 in the CHL and non-CHL groups respectively. There was a significant difference regarding the number of subjects with ossicular lesions between the two groups (P≤0.01). The diagnostic sensitivity of 3D-CT reconstructions associated with 2D-CT ranged from 66% to 100% and the inter-reader agreement ranged from 0.85 to 1, depending of the type of lesion.

The relationship between ossicular lesion and the presence of CHL tightly correlated. 3D-CT reconstructions of the temporal bone are useful to assess patients in a post-traumatic context.